Showing papers in "The Review of Higher Education in 1983"
406 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors define organizational culture as "the values, beliefs, and ideologies of an organization" and describe possible approaches and techniques for uncovering organizational culture on a college or university campus.
Abstract: Several authors have recently popularized organizational culture—the values, beliefs, and ideologies of an organization. While perhaps difficult to define and measure, organizational culture is useful in the study of higher education. This paper defines the concept, explores why it is relevant to higher education, and then describes possible approaches and techniques for uncovering organizational culture on a college or university campus. Examples of organizational culture at work demonstrate its value. This paper encourages other researchers to apply the concepts of organizational culture in their study of higher education.
225 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the results of a study of 29 organizations indicate that certain managerial strategies are strongly associated with high static scores and with improving effectiveness over time, and that proactive strategies and those with an external emphasis are more successful than internal and reactive strategies.
Abstract: Some authors have argued that research on organizational effectiveness should cease. This study demonstrates why organizational effectiveness studies are crucial in certain types of organizations, and it points out how many of the weaknesses and criticisms of past investigations can be addressed. The results of this study of 29 organizations indicate that certain managerial strategies are strongly associated with high static scores and with improving effectiveness over time. Managerial strategies, in fact, were found to be more important than structure, demographics, finances, and other factors. Proactive strategies and those with an external emphasis are more successful than internal and reactive strategies. Managerial strategies that are multifaceted are more likely to lead to effectiveness than monolithic strategies.
165 citations
TL;DR: An empirical study of faculty job satisfaction concerned with work achievement, work role clarity, superordinates, co-workers, pay, promotions and facilities was conducted by as discussed by the authors, who found that faculty were most dissatisfied with pay, promotion, and administration.
Abstract: An empirical study of faculty job satisfaction concerned with work achievement, work role clarity, superordinates, co-workers, pay, promotions and facilities. Results show that faculty are most dissatisfied with pay, promotions and administration, and that faculty in academic divisions with higher pay scales are more satisfied than those in divisions with lower pay scales. A number of practical suggestions for university governance are made, including the provision of multiple tenure tracks.
140 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the process of decision-making at all levels of the university and conclude that universities do adopt very definite strategies in the pursuit of their mission, and that a remarkable degree of consistency is produced in the actions of individual universities.
Abstract: This article critically examines the suggestion that universities, because of decentralization and loose coupling, lack strategies. The process of decision-making at all levels of the university is closely examined. It is found that because of the ways in which decisions are made—by professional judgment, administrative fiat, and collective choice—a remarkable degree of consistency is produced in the actions of individual universities. This consistency—or patterning—leads the authors to conclude that universities do, in fact, adopt very definite strategies in the pursuit of their mission.
129 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of models of group and organization life cycle development is presented, and the applicability of those models for institutions of higher education is discussed, suggesting that an understanding of the problems and characteristics present in different life cycle stages can help institutions manage transitions more effectively.
Abstract: A review of models of group and organization life cycle development, this paper also discusses the applicability of those models for institutions of higher education. The paper suggests that an understanding of the problems and characteristics present in different life cycle stages can help institutions manage transitions more effectively. It also points out that the criteria of effectiveness and the types of management needed in one stage of development are not the same as those needed in other stages.
107 citations
TL;DR: A survey of male Ph.D. recipients in chemistry and psychology at Liberal Arts Colleges as mentioned in this paper found that the publication rate of departmental colleagues was positively associated with the current publication productivity of the focal individual faculty member conditional upon the level of prior publication productivity.
Abstract: A survey of male Ph.D. recipients in chemistry and psychology at Liberal Arts Colleges—Selectivity I was conducted. The publication rate of departmental colleagues was found to be positively associated with the current publication productivity of the focal individual faculty member conditional upon the level of prior publication productivity. Departmental colleagues tend to influence the research activity of faculty members whose prior level of research is low, but have little effect on individuals who have a high level of prior publication activity.
57 citations
TL;DR: The phrase "community of scholars" contains a contradiction as mentioned in this paper : Actions that strengthen the community weaken the scholarship, and actions that strengthen scholarship weaken the community. But the tradeoffs between community and scholarship produce many of the unique organizational properties that universities exhibit.
Abstract: The phrase “community of scholars” contains a contradiction. Actions that strengthen the community weaken the scholarship. And actions that strengthen the scholarship weaken the community. Continuing tradeoffs between community and scholarship produce many of the unique organizational properties that universities exhibit.
52 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a "short tour" of prevailing motivation theories from organizational behavior is presented, with a focus on altruism as a theory of self-interest in organizational behavior.
Abstract: This paper begins with a “short tour” of prevailing motivation theories from organizational behavior. Guidelines from current theories are pushed to their limit, however, when outcome curves are examined in their extremities. Traditional reward systems are shown to have many practical limitations. In addition, because they are derived from self-interest models of motivation, relevance to educational roles is incomplete. To explain organizationally-oriented rather than individualistic behavior, altruism as a theory is considered.
45 citations
TL;DR: In this article, three analyses were used to determine core journals in the field of higher education: frequency of publishing higher education focused articles, frequency of citation to key works in higher education, and journals rankings by higher education professionals.
Abstract: Three analyses were used to determine “core” journals in the field of higher education: frequency of publishing higher education focused articles, frequency of citation to key works in higher education, and journals rankings by higher education professionals.
43 citations
TL;DR: In this article, four contingency theories of leadership are explored and contrasted, and two other sets of processes integral to leadership, external functions of the leader and interactions with organizational members who are not subordinates, are discussed.
Abstract: Four contingency theories of leadership are explored and contrasted. Predictions of leader types and leader behaviors which would follow from each are counterposed. Two other sets of processes integral to leadership—external functions of the leader and interactions with organizational members who are not subordinates—are also discussed.
TL;DR: The authors argue that such settings allow recruits to import skills, knowledge and values, a "culture of orientation" which is described in two radically different graduate school settings. But they are concerned with settings where recruits are treated more harshly than with settings with they are treated well.
Abstract: Research in organizational socialization is typically more concerned with settings where recruits are treated more harshly than with settings where they are treated well. This paper concerns the latter and argues that such settings allow recruits to import skills, knowledge and values—a “culture of orientation.” The process is described in two radically different graduate school settings.
TL;DR: In this article, instructional, feedback, and awareness strategies were incorporated in a faculty development program designed to improve student achievement in an introductory mathematics course and evaluated using student scores on a common final examination that was uniformly graded in committee.
Abstract: Instructional, feedback, and awareness strategies were incorporated in a faculty development program designed to improve student achievement in an introductory mathematics course. The program was evaluated using student scores on a common final examination that was uniformly graded in committee. The results show “large” treatment effects and suggest that the program successfully achieved its objectives.
TL;DR: A review and synthesis of contemporary models of decision-making in organizations is presented in this article, where the match between preferred decision styles of faculty or academic managers and the structural and situational demands of the organization are considered.
Abstract: A review and synthesis of contemporary models of decision-making in organizations The match between preferred decision styles of faculty or academic managers and the structural and situational demands of the organization are considered The importance of the “person-job fit” in the staffing of leadership positions over the course of changes in organizational circumstances is discussed
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors determine the relationship between research measured by publications and teaching measured by the performance of scholarly-based course activities using data collected from a sample of 174 Ph.D. male faculty holding an appointment in either chemistry of psychology at Liberal Arts College-Selectivity I.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between research measured by publications and teaching measured by the performance of scholarly-based course activities. Using data collected from a sample of 174 Ph.D. male faculty holding an appointment in either chemistry of psychology at Liberal Arts College-Selectivity I, positive relationships between the performance of scholarly-based course activities and both career publications rate and current publication productivity were obtained. The results suggest that role complementarity between research and teaching exists.
TL;DR: In this paper, a manageable model structure for an urban university borrowed in part from land-grant institutions is proposed, in which the urban university becomes an institution that is purposefully urban in fulfilling its educational goals, as opposed to one which is only physically located in a city.
Abstract: The concept of an urban university has defied clarification and explication for years. This essay proposes a manageable model structure for an urban university borrowed in part from land-grant institutions. It is postulated that an urban university can become an institution that is purposefully urban in fulfilling its educational goals, as opposed to one which is only physically located in a city.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the possibility of redesigning the work experiences of faculty members in an effort to enhance their motivation, productivity, and personal and work satisfactions, and discuss several specific strategies that might be used to redesign faculty jobs.
Abstract: This article examines the possibility of redesigning the work experiences of faculty members in an effort to enhance their motivation, productivity, and personal and work satisfactions. One particular approach to work redesign, Job Characteristics Theory, is described in detail. Based on this theory, several specific strategies that might be used to redesign faculty jobs are discussed. The article concludes with a discussion of methods for supporting and managing newly designed faculty jobs.
TL;DR: In this paper, surveys of ASHE professors reveal a significant increase in the average age of the professors and a striking rise in the respect they acccord to theory and research.
Abstract: Professors devoted to the study of higher education number fewer than 200. They are located in academic departments of several kinds, come from a variety of scholarly backgrounds, and join together primarily through membership in ASHE. Surveys of ASHE professors in 1972 and 1980 reveal a significant increase in the average age of the professors and a striking rise in the respect they acccord to theory and research. These trends are accompanied by growth in scholarly productivity reported by the professors. Changes in the professoriate suggest a reassessment of the role and mission of ASHE.
TL;DR: An introduction to the missing linkages between the fields of organizational behavior and higher education can be found in this paper, with a discussion of why gaps persist and of alternative theoretical perspectives for organizing the application of behavioral science to higher education.
Abstract: An introduction to the missing linkages between the fields of organizational behavior and higher education. Includes a discussion of why gaps persist and of alternative theoretical perspectives for organizing the application of behavioral science to higher education.
TL;DR: In this article, the underlying rationale behind promotion and tenure decisions is examined and the guidance for both decisions is improved, allowing criteria for each decision to be derived, which improves guidance and sorts them.
Abstract: The problems of declining enrollments, fiscal cutbacks, and “tcnuring-in” have caused postsecondary institutions to take a harder look at personal decisions Simultaneously, faculty have begun to demand closer scrutiny of administrative decisions regarding promotion and tenure This paper suggests that it the underlying rationale behind promotion and tenure decisions is examined it improves guidance for both decisions, sorts them, and allows criteria for each decision to be derived
TL;DR: The Core Seminar as discussed by the authors is a two-term, multiple-credit course at the University of Pittsburgh that is required for all new doctoral students in the Higher Education Program at the university.
Abstract: This introductory course is required for all new doctoral students in the Higher Education Program at the University of Pittsburgh. Offered for the past four years as a two-term, multiple-credit course, it involves approximately twenty-five faculty members and fifty students each year. The purposes, pedagogy and organization of the Core Seminar are described and related to substantive issues of curriculum in higher education.
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of two management strategies by 14 liberal arts and comprehensive colleges attempting to recover from serious financial decline during 1973-1976 were studied, one adaptive model involves managing demands in order to satisfy critical-resource providers; the other one is constructive, managing meaning to enhance the organization's legitimacy.
Abstract: The use of two management strategies by 14 liberal arts and comprehensive colleges attempting to recover from serious financial decline during 1973–1976 were studied. The adaptive model involves managing demands in order to satisfy critical-resource providers; the constructive, managing meaning in order to enhance the organization’s legitimacy. HE 016 577 33 pages MF $1.17 PC $5.45
TL;DR: The career paths and backgrounds of 30 upper-level women administrators in 25 North Carolina four-year public and private institutions were evaluated as discussed by the authors, and structured interviews covered background and education; work history; and the influence of family, friends, and mentors.
Abstract: The career paths and backgrounds of 30 upper-level women administrators in 25 North Carolina four-year public and private institutions were evaluated. Structured interviews covered background and education; work history; and the influence of family, friends, and mentors. HE 016 474 36 pages MF $1.17 PC $5.45
TL;DR: The literature from 1973-1983 on student ratings of faculty teaching effectiveness is reviewed in this paper, where the authors identify the belief that student raters are insufficiently knowledgeable and/or sophisticated to properly evaluate their instructors and that students are seduced by instructors' expressive personalities.
Abstract: The literature from 1973–1983 on student ratings of faculty teaching effectiveness is reviewed. Myths that continue to be identified in the literature include the belief that student raters are insufficiently knowledgeable and/or sophisticated to properly evaluate their instructors, and that students are seduced by instructors’ expressive personalities. HE 016 477 16 pages MF $1.17 PC $3.70
TL;DR: The authors investigated differences in the freshman versus senior career salience ratings of women who attended the same women's or co-educational college for four years and found that graduates of very selective women's colleges are more career salient than female graduates of comparable coeducational institutions.
Abstract: This study investigated differences in the freshman versus senior career salience ratings of women who attended the same women’s or coeducational college for four years. Results show that graduates of very selective women’s colleges are more career salient than female graduates of comparable coeducational institutions. Significant differences in career salience were also found among coeducational colleges at the three selectivity levels. Coeducational colleges achieved greater growth in the percentage of career salient women than women’s colleges.
TL;DR: The literature concerning the work experience of faculty members, administrators, and clerical and support staff is reviewed in terms of the characteristics of their work and work environment, the extent of their autonomy and power, and their relationship to their institution.
Abstract: The literature concerning the work experience of faculty members, administrators, and clerical and support staff is reviewed in terms of the characteristics of their work and work environment, the extent of their autonomy and power, and their relationship to their institution. External pressures are also addressed: economic pressures, labor market trends, and the decrease in the number of traditional college age students. HE 016 475 37 pages MF $1.17 PC $5.45
TL;DR: In this article, it is suggested that there is a need to identify approaches to inquiry that maintain scientific validity while revealing meaningful responses to the complex problems of higher education, and benefits of the grounded theory approach, which is a qualitative method, are noted, including the collaboration of researchers and practitioners.
Abstract: It is suggested that there is a need to identify approaches to inquiry that maintain scientific validity while revealing meaningful responses to the complex problems of higher education. Benefits of the grounded theory approach, which is a qualitative method, are noted, including the collaboration of researchers and practitioners in identifying strategies. HE 016 479 17 pages MF $1.17 PC $3.70
TL;DR: Using consultative services to help faculty improve their teaching is the topic of as mentioned in this paper, where a basic assumption of the model is that teachers’ behaviors in the classroom stem from their implicit theories of teaching.
Abstract: Using consultative services to help faculty improve their teaching is the topic of this paper. A basic assumption of the model is that teachers’ behaviors in the classroom stem from their implicit theories of teaching. A description of the consultative model is presented. An abbreviated case study illustrates each phase of the model.
TL;DR: This article examined institutional change profiles for 17 institutions using critical event cycles as a unit of analysis, focusing on distinctive patterns of institutional adaptation and organizational change, the most pre-emptive of which was the enrollment shortfall followed by the presidential shake-down cycle.
Abstract: Institutional change profiles for 17 institutions were examined using critical event cycles as a unit of analysis. Focus was on distinctive patterns of institutional adaptation and organizational change, the most pre-emptive of which was the enrollment shortfall followed by the presidential shake-down cycle.
HE 016 576 31 pages MF $1.17 PC $5.45