Showing papers in "Turkish Journal of Zoology in 2002"

The Effects of Acute Stress on Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Abstract: The physiological effects of acute stressors (transport, handling, netting and confinement) on rainbow trout in an aquaculture system were investigated. Serum cortisol level, serum glucose and lysozyme activity were determined in rainbow trout stressed by acute stressors, and compared with those of unstressed (control) fish. Serum cortisol, glucose levels and lysozyme activity were significantly higher(P

Cephalopod Fauna of the Eastern Mediterranean

Abstract: Studies on the cephalopods of Turkish coasts have been going on since 1988. As a result of these studies, a total of 43 species have been determined, comprising 11 species from the Sea of Marmara, 38 from the Aegean Sea and 24 from the Mediterranean Sea. With respect to other studies carried out excluding Turkish coasts, the eastern Mediterranean cephalopod fauna has increased to 51 species. Among the species determined, Ancistrocheirus lesueurii and Ancistroteuthis lichtensteini are new records for the eastern Mediterranean; Sepietta obscura, Ancistrocheirus lesueurii, Ancistroteuthis lichtensteini and Tremoctopus violaceus for the Aegean Sea; and Alloteuthis media, Rossia macrosoma and Eledone cirrhosa for the Mediterranean coast of Turkey.

On the distribution and taxonomic status of Microtus guentheri (Danford and Alston, 1880) and Microtus lydius Blackler, 1916 (Mammalia: Rodentia) in Turkey

Abstract: Topotypes of Microtus guentheri were compared with specimens of the genus Microtus with 2n=54 chromosomes from western Anatolia. According to morphological and biometrical comparisons, it was determined that M. guentheri is a different species from Microtus lydius. The dorsal colour and the shape of the baculum distinguish M. guentheri from M. lydius morphologically. In addition, ear length, interorbital constriction, mastoid breadth, height of tympanic bulla and weight of M. guentheri were found to be statistically different from those of the nominate subspecies of M. lydius (p<0.05). In this respect, a new subspecies of M. lydius is first described from central Anatolia: Microtus lydius ankaraensis ssp.n. In addition, our findings revealed that the population known as M. guentheri in Europe needs taxonomic revaluation.

Effects of Antimicrobial Agents on the Survival and Development of Larvae of Pimpla turionellae L. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Reared on an Artificial Diet

Abstract: The effects of 13 antimicrobial agents that have different structures and modes of action, on the survival and development of the hymenopterous endoparasitoid, Pimpla turionellae L., were investigated by rearing the larvae aseptically on chemically defined synthetic diets. These effects varied according to their kind and dietary levels. The agents tested exerted their effects generally during the post-larval development of the insect. The post-larval survival and development were negatively affected by most of the agents tested at certain levels. The antimicrobial agents tested also affected the larval development but had no significant effects on the larval survival of the insect. The larvae showed a wide tolerance against both the kind and dietary levels of the agents. None of the agents tested were toxic to the larvae. Sodium benzoate and nystatin at low levels had positive effects on the food consumption of the larvae.

Coccid (Homoptera: Coccoidea) species of Isparta province, and their parasitoids from Turkey and Georgia

Abstract: A list of coccids distributed in Isparta province (Turkey) is given in this paper. Their parasitoids determined in Isparta and previously reported from Turkey and Georgia are also discussed. As a result of the survey studies performed in June-November, 2001, 21 species of coccids were found on different host plants in Isparta province. From 16 of these coccids, 19 species of parasitoids were obtained. The similarity index of two countries in terms of their coccid parasitoids fauna was 0.635.

The Growth Features of Tench (Tinca tinca L., 1758) in Bayındır Dam Lake, Ankara, Turkey

Abstract: The growth features of tench, Tinca tinca, in Bayindir Dam Lake were studied between March 1999 and February 2000. A total of 100 samples (51 males and 49 females) were examined. Age in both sexes ranged from age group I to V. The sex ratio was 1.04 and 1.0 for males and females respectively. The fork length and weight of females and males varied from 15.2 to 33.2 cm and 51.4 to 650.7 g and 15.7 to 34.7 cm and 52.8 to 822.6 g respectively. Age-length and age-weight relationships were obtained using the Von Bertalanffy growth equation. Allometric growth patterns were obtained from the length-weight relationships. The condition factor was 1.57 for females, 1.53 for males and 1.55 for both combined. In addition, the relative annual increases in lenght and weight of T. tinca for males, females and both sexes combined were also determined.

A Preliminary Study on the Population Dynamics Parameters of Whiting (Merlangius merlangus euxinus) in Turkish Black Sea Coastal Waters

Abstract: Some population parameters of the whiting (Merlangius merlangus euxinus) distributed along the Turkish Black Sea coast, were determined by using age-length data. The mean annual growth rate in length was found to be 3.7 cm. The maximum age group was determined as IX for females and VI for males. The seasonalized von Bertalanffy growth parameters in length were estimated to be Lo=39.1 cm, K = 0.15 year-1, to = -1.53 year, C=0.23, ts=0.48. There was a difference in growth rate between male and female fish. The females grow faster than males and reach a greater maximum length. Total mortality and its components were Z=1.63, M = 0.39 and F = 1.24. The highest trawlable biomass was found in the region between Calti Cape and Sarp which is an area closed to trawl fishing in the eastern Black Sea. In the trawl catches, the whiting was the dominant fish.

Seasonal Fluctuation in the Rotifer Fauna of Kesikköprü Dam Lake (Ankara, Turkey)

Abstract: The individual and seasonal variations of 11 rotifer species identified in Kesikkopru Dam Lake were investigated from April 1995 to May 1996. Species-wise percentages were Polyarthra vulgaris 24.5%, Keratella quadrata 20.8%, Asplanchna priodonta 16.0%, Brachionus angularis 11.2%, Keratella cochlearis 8.8%, Synchaeta litoralis 7.0%, Lecane luna 4.0%, Notholca squamula 3.8%, Lepadella patella 1.6%, Notholca acuminata 1.4% and Colurella adriatica 0.7%. Apart from two seasonal peaks in spring and autumn, some species such as S. litoralis, L. luna, N. squamula, and C. adriatica showed smaller fluctuations other than during seasonal peaks. When the annual abundance of species was taken into consideration, P. vulgaris, K. quadrata, A. priodonta, S. litoralis and L. luna were determined to be eurythermal, B. angularis and K. cochlearis hot-stenothermal, and N. squamula cold-stenothermal species. In addition to these, P. vulgaris and A. priodonta were determined to be perennial species for this dam's lake.

Cladocera and Copepoda (Crustacea) Fauna of Lake Terkos (Durusu)

Abstract: Field studies were conducted by taking samples vertically and horizontally during a specific period of each month between April 2000 and March 2001 in Lake Terkos. A total of 28 species belonging to six families of Cladocera and 13 species from seven families of Copepoda are identified. Their known geographical distribution in Turkey have been given according to provinces.

Comparison of the Growth Performance and Mortality in Abant Trout (Salmo trutta abanticus Tortonese, 1954) and Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) under Farming Conditions*

Abstract: This experiment was conducted between 15th February 2000 (day 1) and 31st January 2001 (day 350) at the DSI- Golkoy Fish Production Station, Bolu (Turkey). Abant trout larvae obtained from eggs of wild Abant trout broodstocks in Lake Abant and rainbow trout larvae obtained from eggs of the hatchery broodstocks in Golkoy Fish Production Station were used. Trials I and II involved eight groups (four Abant and rainbow trout experimental groups, and four Abant and rainbow trout parallel groups). A total of 1784 larvae was used in both the trials. At the end of the experiment, although the mean wet weight of Abant trout was found to be around 5 g, the maximum increase in weight was found in rainbow trout (between 116.202 and 173.315 g in trials I and II). Final mean condition factors (CF) differed between the Abant and the rainbow trout groups (P < 0.001). The specific growth rate (SGR) exhibited significant differences between trials I and II for the Abant and rainbow trout groups (P < 0.01) (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the desired level of growth performance of Abant trout was not obtained in tank conditions. In contrast, the growth and survival rate of rainbow trout were clearly better than those of Abant trout. Ciftlik Koflullar›nda Abant Alabal›¤› (Salmo trutta abanticus Tortonese, 1954) ‹le Gokkufla¤› Alabal›¤› (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792)'n›n Geliflim Performans› ve Olum Oranlar›n›n Karfl›laflt›r›lmas› Ozet: Cal›flma, Bolu-DS‹ Golkoy Bal›k Uretme ‹stasyonu'nda gerceklefltirilmifl ve 15 fiubat 2000 ile 31 Ocak 2001 aras›nda 350 gun devam etmifltir. Bu cal›flmada, Abant Golu'nden yakalanan Abant alabal›¤› anaclar›ndan salanan yumurtalardan c›kan larvalar ile Golkoy Bal›k Uretme ‹stasyonu'nda yetifltirilen gokkufla¤› anaclar›ndan salanan yumurtalardan c›kan larvalar kullan›lm›flt›r. I. ve II. deneme 8 grup (4 adet Abant ve gokkufla¤› alabal›¤› deneme, 4 adet Abant ve gokkufla¤› alabal›¤› paralel grubu) olarak duzenlen- mifltir. Her 2 deneme de toplam 1784 adet larva kullan›lm›flt›r. Deneme sonunda, Abant alabal›¤› ortalama yafl a¤›rl›¤› 5 gram civar›nda bulunmas›na karfl›n, en yuksek a¤›rl›k art›fl› gokkufla¤› alabal›klar›nda bulunmufltur (I. ve II. deneme de 116,202 ile 173,315 gram aras›nda). Gokkufla¤› ve Abant alabal›¤› gruplar› aras›nda ortalama son kondusyon faktoru (CF) bak›m›ndan farkl›l›¤›n onemli olduu bulunmufltur (P < 0,001). I. ve II. denemede, turler aras›nda spesifik buyume oran› farkl›d›r (P < 0,01) (P < 0,05). Sonuc olarak; tank yetifltirme koflullar›nda Abant alabal›¤›n›n geliflim performans›n›n arzu edilen seviyede olmad›¤› gorulmufltur. Buna karfl›n; gokkufla¤› alabal›¤›n›n buyume ve yaflama oran› Abant alabal›¤› buyume ve yaflama oran›ndan daha iyi olduu tespit edilmifltir. Anahtar Sozcukler: Abant alabal›¤› (Salmo trutta abanticus), Gokkufla¤› alabal›¤› (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Buyume, Olum

Age Determination of Shad (Alosa pontica Eichwald,1838) Inhabiting the Black Sea

Abstract: The most reliable bony structure and method were investigated for age determination of shad (Alosa pontica Eichwald, 1838) inhabiting the Black Sea. Therefore, five bony structures such as scale, vertebra, otolith, opercle and subopercle were removed from 240 individuals collected from April 1998 to April 1999. Each bony structure was prepared for age determination by different techniques, and examined by binocular microscope. Mean ages were estimated for each bony structure-reader combination and the precision of age estimated from multiple readings was evaluated. Furthermore, the error of ageing was calculated. Vertebra was the most reliable bony structure for ageing this species as it had the highest agreement and the lowest ageing error. Therefore, it is emphasized that the vertebra is the most accurate and reliable source of information in studies that require reliable age data about shad.

Relative Importance of Food Items in Feeding of Chondrostoma regium Heckel, 1843, and Its Relation with the Time of Annulus Formation

Abstract: In this study, we analyzed the relative importance of food items of Chondrostoma regium Heckel, 1843. A total of 145 individuals were sampled between April 1993 and March 1994 in Suat Ugurlu Dam Lake. Stomach content analysis was used to determine dietary composition. Relative measures of food item quantity were estimated by two different approaches: the Index of Relative Importance (IRI) and the Geometric Index of Importance (GII). The results from these indices were compared and the most reliable way of estimating dietary composition was discussed. Navicula, Cymbella and Synedra were the most frequently consumed organisms. As C. regium mostly feeds on Bacillariophyta, it can be defined as planktivorous. Furthermore, ontogenic variations and the seasonal variation of food consumption were examined. The relation between the time of annulus formation on bony structures and feeding activity were also investigated. The deposition of hyaline rings were found to be synchronous with decrease in food diversity in autumn.

Chelonus Jurine (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Cheloninae) Species of the Marmara Region

Abstract: The genus Chelonus Jurine (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Cheloninae) species in the Marmara region of Turkey are defined, 12 species recorded and a key to species is provided. Of these species, Chelonus asiaticus Telenga, Chelonus bidens Tobias, Chelonus canescens Wesmael, Chelonus microsomus Tobias, Chelonus oculator (Panzer), Chelonus ocellatus Alexeev, Chelonus scabrator (Fabricius), Chelonus smirnovi Telenga, Chelonus szepligetii Dalla Torre, Chelonus tuberculifer Tobias, and Chelonus varimaculatus Tobias are new records for Turkey and Chelonus inanitus (Linnaeus) is a new record for the Marmara region of Turkey.

Floral choices, parasites and micro-organisms in natural populations of bumblebees (Apidae: Hymenoptera) in Ankara province

Abstract: In this study, the flower choices of different bumblebee species in Ankara province regarding their associations among various parasites and micro-organisms were determined. A total of 21 different species of the genera Bombus Latreille and Psithyrus Lepeletier were examined. The motile hypopus of the mite species Acarus farris (Oudemans, 1905) (Acaridae) was found to be phoretic on Bombus (Bombus) terrestris, Megabombus (Megabombus) argillaceus, Megabombus (Thoracobombus) zonatus and Pyrobombus (Sibiricobombus) niveatus queens. Nosema bombi was also determined to be an internal parasite of B. terrestris. Finally, a nematode species belonging to the family Allantonematidae (Tylenchida) was isolated from Megabombus (Thoracobombus) sylvarum citrinofasciatus. The flower choices of the discussed Bombus and Psithyrus species were examined by using diversity and richness indices. It was observed that Anchusa leptophylla, Onopordum anatolicum, Echium italicum, Trifolium pratense, Galega officinalis and Astragalus sp. were the most preferred plant species of bumblebees in Ankara province. Ozet: Bu cal›flmada Ankara'da saptanan farkl› bombus ar›s› turlerinin cicek tercihleri ile deiflik parazit ve mikro-organizmalar ile etkileflimleri birlikte incelenmifltir. Acarus farris (Oudemans, 1905) (Acaridae) turu akar›n hareketli hipopeal formunun Bombus Latreille ve Psithyrus Lepeletier cinslerine ait 21 turden Bombus (Bombus) terrestris, Megabombus (Megabombus) argillaceus, Megabombus (Thoracobombus) zonatus ve Pyrobombus (Sibiricobombus) niveatus kralicelerinde foretik olduu tespit edilmifltir. Nosema bombi'de B. terrestris turunde internal parazit olarak gozlenmifltir. Ayr›ca Allantonematidae (Tylenchida) familyas›ndan bir nematod turu de Megabombus (Thoracobombus) sylvarum citrinofasciatus kralicelerinden izole edilmifltir. ‹ncelenen Bombus ve Psithyrus turlerinin cicek tercihleri de ceflitlilik ve tur zenginlii indeksleri kullan›larak ortaya konmaya cal›fl›lm›flt›r. Anchusa leptophylla, Onopordum anatolicum, Echium italicum, Trifolium pratense, Galega officinalis ve Astragalus sp. turlerinin, Ankara bolgesinde bombus ar›lar› taraf›ndan en cok tercih edilen bitki turleri olduu saptanm›flt›r.

Impact of Two Sublethal Concentrations of Copper Chloride and Chlorine on the Excretory Products of Crab Sesarma quadratum (Fabricius)

Abstract: Excretion in estuarine animals is considered to be an important factor in assessing their physiological status. The pattern of oxygen consumption and excretion patterns (ammonia and nitrite) in medium size mud crabs of S. quadratum (3 to 4 g weight) were studied under laboratory conditions at two sublethal concentrations of 1/10 and 1/3 of the LC50 value of copper chloride and chlorine. The rates of oxygen consumption and excreted products were negatively correlated to the sublethal concentrations of the toxicant. Reduced rates of oxygen consumption and excretion of ammonia and nitrite were observed when exposed to these sublethal concentrations. Bak›r Korid ve Klorin'in ‹ki Subletal Konsantrasyonunun Camur Yengeci, Sesarma quadratum (Fabricius)'un Boflalt›m Urunleri Uzerine Etkisi Ozet: Halic hayvanlar›nda boflalt›m hayvan›n fizyolojik durumunun deerlendirilmesinde onemli bir faktordur. Orta boy (3-4 g a¤›rl›¤›nda) camur yengeci, S. quadratum'da oksijen tuketimi ve boflalt›m desenleri laboratuvar koflullar›nda bak›r klorid ve klorinin LC50'lar›n›n 1/10 ve 1/3'u olan iki subletal konsantrasyonunda cal›fl›ld›. Oksijen tuketimi ve boflalt›m uretim h›z› toksikantlar›n subletal konsantrasyonlar› ile negatif korelasyon gosterdi. Oksijen tuketimi ve amonyak ve nitrit boflalt›m› h›zlar›n›n hayvanlar bu subletal konsantrasyonlara maruz b›rak›l›nca dufltukleri gozlendi.

Three Unrecorded Helophorus Fabricius, 1775 (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae) Species for the Turkish Fauna*

Abstract: Three newly recorded Helophorus Fabricius, 1775 species for Turkish fauna, Helophorus (Rhopalhelophorus) fulgidicollis Motschulsky, 1860, H. (R.) similis Kuwert, 1887 and H. (R.) subarcuatus Rey, 1885, are compared against our specimens. Furthermore, their distribution in Turkey and around the world is presented.

The Effects of Phytoplankton Concentration, Size of Mussel and Water Temperature on Feed Consumption and Filtration Rate of the Mediterranean Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk)

Abstract: The effects of phytoplankton concentration, size and water temperature on the feeding rate of the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the Black Sea were investigated in the laboratory within a static system. Overall consumption (total cell/h) was significantly higher at the highest phytoplankton concentrations than at the lowest concentration (p

Chromosomes of Oedipoda schochi schochi and Acrotylus insbricus (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Oedipodinae). Karyotypes and C- and G-Band Patterns

Abstract: Chromosomes, with detalied karyotype information (number, shape, total length, relative length, arm ratio and centromeric index) and Cand G-band patterns of two species of grasshoppers belonging to the subfamily Oedipodinae in Turkey are described. The karyotype of Oedipoda schochi schochi with 2n  = 25 (X0) comprises eight pairs of metacentric, two pairs of submetacentric, one pair of acrocentric and one pair of subacrocentric autosomes, which come from 2n  = 23 through centric fission and the metacentric X chromosome, while Acrotylus insbricus with 2n  = 23 (X0) possesses metacentric autosomes, and the metacentric X chromosome.

Community Structure of Macrobenthos of a Southeast Texas Sand-Pit Lake Related to Water Temperature, pH and Dissolved Oxygen Concentration

Abstract: Water temperature (°C), pH, dissolved oxygen concentration (mg/l) and the community structure of the macrobenthos of a small southeast Texas sand-pit (Barry's) lake were studied from June 1995 to February 1996, which covered climatic extremes. The lake was a warm monomictic lake and no anoxic conditions were observed at any depth during the entire study period. A total of 50 taxa and 5614 individuals of macrobenthos were collected. The dominant organisms were Chaoborus punctipennis (Say), Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri (Claparede), and Dero obtusa (Udekem). The only established populations at 6.5 m were Chaoborus punctipennis, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, and Chironomus sp. Species diversity ranged from 0.9 to 3.9 and generally decreased with depth. The number of individuals increased with depth, while the species and species diversity decreased with depth.

The Species of Tryphoninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in Turkish Thrace

Abstract: This study was carried out to investigate the species of the subfamily Tryphoninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in Turkish Thrace between 1992 and 1994. A total of 89 samples were collected from 42 localities and 26 species belonging to 11 genera were determined. Diagnostic keys to the species, subgenera and genera were prepared. In order to distinguish morphological characters that were mentioned in the keys, 31 original figures are given. Of these species, Phytodietus polyzonias (Foerster), Netelia (Prosthodocis) japonicus (Uchida), N. (Bessobates) cristatus (Thomson), N. (Netelia) ocellaris (Thomson), N. (Netelia) rufescens (Tosquinet), Neleges proditor (Gravenhorst), Dyspetes arrogator Heinrich, Ctenochira angulata (Thomson), Exyston sponsorius (Fabricius), and Acrotomus lucidulus (Gravenhorst) are new records for the fauna of Turkey. Moreover, the species N. (N.) silantjewi (Kokoujev), N. (N.) valvator Aubert, Tryphon (Tryphon) atriceps Stephens, Monoblastus luteomarginatus (Gravenhorst), Polyblastus (Labroctonus) alternans Schiodte, and Kristotomus laetus (Gravenhorst) are new records for fauna of Turkish Thrace.

Research on the herpetofauna of Murat Mountain (Kütahya-Uşak)

Abstract: In this study, the amphibians and reptilians of Murat Mountain, where only mountain frogs have been investigated so far, are introduced. A total of 99 specimens from 15 different species were collected. Four of the species belong to anurans, one belongs to tortoises, six belong to lizards and four belong to the snakes group.

SDS-PAGE Patterns of Blood Serum Proteins in some Species of the Genus Meriones (Mammalia: Rodentia)

Abstract: The blood serum proteins of Meriones meridianus, Meriones crassus, Meriones persicus and Meriones tristrami, all found in Turkey, along with domestic Meriones unguiculatus, which originated in Mongolia, were examined for the first time by SDS-PAGE. In the globulin zone, seven to ten bands were identified, one band in the post-albumin and albumin zones and one or two bands in the pre-albumin zone of five species of the genus Meriones. There was no diagnostic difference in the pattern of serum protein bands between species.

Effect of Temperature Change on Maximum Swimming Speed of Whiting, Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Abstract: Seasonal changes in sea temperature levels affect the swimming performance of fish. This study investigates if a change of 5iC from 7 to 12iC in water temperature has a significant effect on the maximum swimming performance of whiting, Merlangius merlangus, which is one of the most common species caught in the bottom trawl fisheries of the North Sea. The effect of this seasonal change on swimming performance was shown by two experiments. A temperature increase from 7iC to 12iC was shown to cause a decrease in the minimum twitch contraction time of the lateral muscle, when stimulated by an electric pulse, from 45.8ms to 33.9ms. This gives a maximum tail beat frequency of 10.9Hz at 7iC rising to 14.7Hz at 12iC. In the second set of experiments, the escape response of fish to sound stimuli at these two temperatures was investigated. The Mauthner Escape Reflexes of the fish were found to be significantly slower at 7iC than at 12iC. Mean escape latency at 12iC (27.6) was significantly shorter than that at 7iC (34.8) (t test, P< 0.001). The mean value of the time taken to complete stage 1 at 12iC (45.6ms) was significantly faster than that at 7iC (57.7ms) (t test, P< 0.001). Similarly, the mean value of the time taken to complete stage 2 at 12iC (119.9ms) was significantly faster than that at 7iC (154.3ms) (t test, P< 0.05). The general underlying physiological effect of a temperature increase of 10iC was to almost double the speed of fish maximum swimming ability (Q10iC =1.81). The results of these experiments have shown that, due to low water temperature, the maximum swimming speed of whiting in late winter and spring is lower than that in late summer and autumn. Ozet: Deniz suyu s›cakl›¤›ndaki mevsimsel deifliklikler, bal›klar›n yuzme performanslar›n› etkilemektedir. Bu cal›flmada su s›cakl›¤›nda 7iC ile 12iC aras›ndaki 5iC lik fark›n, Kuzey Denizi dip trolu avc›l›¤›nda en yayg›n yakalanan turlerden biri olan, Merlangius merlangus'un maksimum yuzme performans›na belirgin bir etkisi olup olmad›¤› araflt›r›lm›flt›r. Bu mevsimsel deiflimin yuzme performans›na etkisi iki deneyle gosterilmistir. 7iC den 12iC ye kadar olan s›cakl›k art›fl›, yanal kaslar›n, bir elektirik pals›yla uyar›ld›¤›nda, minimum kas›lma surelerinin 45.8ms den 33.9ms ye kadar duflmesine sebep olduu gorulmufltur. Bu deerler bal›¤›n maksimum kuyruk c›rpma frekans›n›n 7iC de 10.9Hz iken 12iC de 14.7Hz'e yukseldii sonucunu vermektedir. ‹kinci gurup deneylerde, bal›¤›n bu s›cakl›klarda sesle urkutmelere verdii kacma tepkisi incelenmifl, ve 7iC deki Mauthner Kacma Reflexlerinin 12iC dekinden onemli derecede daha yavafl olduu bulunmustur. Sesin verilmesi ile kacma bafllang›c› aras›ndaki ortalama surenin 12iC de (27.6) 7iC dekinden (34.8) onemli derecede daha k›sa olduu bulunmufltur (t test, P< 0.001). Bal›klar›n ilk kuyruk c›rp›m›n›n birinci aflamas›n› tamamlamak icin gecen ortalama zaman›n 12iC de (45.6ms) 7iC dekinden (57.7ms) onemli derecede daha h›zl› olduu bulunmufltur (t test, P< 0.001). Benzer flekilde ikinci aflama icinde yine 12iC deki ortalama zaman›n (119.9ms) 7iC dekinden (154.3ms) onemli derecede daha h›zl› olduu bulunmufltur (t test, P< 0.05). 10iC lik bir s›cakl›k art›fl›n›n sebep olduu genel fizyolojik etki bal›¤›n maximum yuzme h›z›n› hemen hemen iki kat artt›rm›flt›r (Q10iC =1.81). Bu deneylerin sonuclar› Kuzey Denizi mezgit bal›¤›n›n dufluk su s›cakl›¤› sebebiyle k›fl sonu ve ilkbahardaki en yuksek yuzme h›z›n›n yaz sonu ve sonbahara nispeten daha dufluk olduunu gostermifltir.

The Effects of High Salinity on the Production of Capoeta tinca in A Naturally Contaminated River

Abstract: The production properties of Capoeta tinca, the dominant fish population in a naturally contaminated stream in the Kizilirmak Basin, were studied together with the physical and chemical characteristics of the waters and evaluated in order to assess the impact of the high natural salinity on the fish population. The evaluation was based on comparisons of fish specimens caught from Aci stream, which is highly contaminated by a lithology of high salt content, and those from Terme stream, the uncontaminated freshwater branch, between May 1995 and May 1996. The salinity and electrical conductivity of Aci stream varied between 2‰ and 8.5‰, and 3028 µS25 °C and 14,273 µS25 °C respectively, while the salinity ranged from 0.5‰ to 1.5‰ and the electrical conductivity varied between 637 µS25 °C and 1570 µS25 °C in Terme stream. The results suggest that the high salinity caused a drastic reduction in the production of the fish population. The production was estimated to be 23.4 gm-2y-1 in the freshwater Terme stream, while it was only 0.54 gm-2y-1 in the highly saline Aci stream.

New Distributional Records for Rana bedriagae caralitana in Anatolia

Abstract: We conducted a herpetofaunal survey on the southern part of the Lake District in Anatolia searching and documenting new sites for herptile species. During the two years of our study three new sites, Gencek Lake (Derebucak/Konya), Derebucak (Konya) and T›naztepe (Seydiflehir/Konya), were recorded for Rana bedriagae caralitana. Of these, the two southernmost records extend the distribution of these subspecies in the Lake District of Anatolia.

First records of Oreodytes Seidlitz, 1887 (Dytiscidae, Coleoptera) from Turkey: Oreodytes septentrionalis (Gyllenhal, 1826) and Oreodytes davisii (Curtis, 1831)

Abstract: being split into two subspecies: O. alpinus, O. babai (Neonectes), O. dauricus, O. davisii, O. jakovlevi (Neonectes), O. kanoi, O. meridionalis, O. mongolicus, O. natrix (Neonectes), O. okulovi, O. sanmarkii sanmarkii, O. sanmarkii alienus, and O. septentrionalis. Five of these species occur in Europe: O. alpinus, O. davisii, O. meridionalis, O. sanmarkii sanmarkii, O. sanmarkii

The Toxic Effects of Malathion (Organophosphate Insecticide) on the Daphnia magna Straus, 1820 (Crustacea, Cladocera)

Abstract: The toxic effects of technical grade (95%) malathion and commercial (25%) malathion were investigated on young (≤ 24 h old) Daphnia magna in static acute toxicity tests (24 and 48 hours). The culture of D. magna and toxicity tests were performed at a temperature of 24-1…C with a photoperiod of 16h light and 8h dark. To obtain a healthy population, the fecundity of each female in their life cycle were also investigated. Immobilization of daphnids were considered for determination of the 24h / 48h effective concentration (50%). The EC50 values were found by probit method 24h /48h, for technical malathion as 0.8 and 0.028 ppm., for commercial malathion as 0.11 and 0.003 ppm respectively. Malathion (Organik Fosforlu ‹nsektisit)'un Daphnia magna Straus, 1820 (Crustacea, Cladocera) Uzerindeki Toksik Etkilerinin Araflt›r›lmas› Ozet: Bu cal›flmada Daphnia magna yavrular›nda (≤ 24 saatlik) teknik duzeydeki (%95) malathion ve ticari (%25) malathionun toksik etkileri statik, akut toksisite denemeleriyle (24 ve 48 saatlik) araflt›r›lm›flt›r. D. magna kulturu ve toksisite denemeleri, 24-1…C s›cakl›k ve 16 saat ›fl›k / 8 saat karanl›k fotoperiyodunda duzenlenmifltir. Sal›kl› bir populasyon elde etmek icin, her bir difli ferdin hayat› boyunca meydana getirdii yavrular›n say›s› da araflt›r›lm›flt›r. 24 / 48 saat %50 etki konsantrasyonunun (EC50) saptanmas› icin dafnidlerin hareket durumu dikkate al›nm›flt›r. EC50 deerleri, istatistiksel olarak probit metodu ile 24 / 48 saat s›ras›yla, teknik malathion icin 0.8 ve 0.028 ppm., ticari malathion icin 0.11 ve 0.003 ppm bulunmufltur.

Evaluation of Methiocarb 50%-WP as a Taste Repellent Against the House Sparrow (Passer domesticus L.)

Abstract: Laboratory studies in cages and outdoor aviaries were conducted, using different concentrations of methiocarb 50%-WP to estimate the ideal dose needed to produce taste aversion in the house sparrow (Passer domesticus) Under a nochoice test, spar- rows showed a clear difference in millet bait preference among various concentrations Under choice tests, in cages and outdoor aviaries a clear repellency trend was recorded in both sexes with increases in poison concentration However, female birds showed a higher repellency pattern than males It was concluded that methiocarb grain bait at 01% proved to be highly effective in repelling sparrows and may function as an ideal crop protectant against bird invasion Ozet: Serceye (Passer domesticus) uzaklaflt›r›c› etkisi yaratma amac›yla %50-WP'nin ideal dozunu bulmak uzere farkl› konsantrasy- onlar kullan›larak kafeslerde ve ustu ac›k kufl kafeslerinde laboratuvar cal›flmalar› yap›lm›flt›r Secmesiz deneyde dar› yeminde kul- lan›lan ceflitli konsantrasyonlar aras›nda tercihlerde belirgin fark gorulmufltur Secmeli deneylerde ise hem kapal› kafeslerde hem ustu ac›k kufl kafeslerinde her iki cinsiyette zehir konsantrasyonunun artmas› ile belirgin bir uzaklaflt›r›c› etkisi eilimi gorulmufltur Ancak difli kufllarda, erkek kufllarda oluundan daha yuksek bir uzaklaflt›r›c› etki gorulmufltur Methiocarbl› tah›l yeminin %01 oran›nda serce uzaklaflt›r›c› olarak cok etkili olduu, kufl istilas›na karfl› ideal bir hasat koruyucu olarak kullan›labilecei sonucuna var›lm›flt›r

Effect of Temperature on Development, Sexual Maturation Time, Food Consumption and Body Weight of Schistocerca gregaria Forsk. (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

Abstract: This study was carried out to determine the effect of temperature on the development, sexual maturation time, food con- sumption and body weight of S. gregaria, Forsk., at 25 and 30…C. The insects were fed on fresh wheat sprouts (FWS) and bran (B). When the temperature was increased, both developmental time and attainment time to sexual maturation were shortened. Total nymphal developmental time at 25 and 30…C was 32 and 22 days, respectively. Similarly, the average attainment time to sexual maturity was 33 days at 30…C, whereas it was 52 days at 25…C. The food consumption of the insects increased at higher tempera- tures until the end of the first week of adult life and decreased thereafter. From the first nymphal stages to the end of the first week of adult life, each animal consumed 23.82 g FWS and 4.27 g B at 25…C, and 25.41 g FWS and 4.27 g B at 30…C. However, from the second week of adult life to sexual maturation, the food consumed by each insect reared at 25…C was 10.81 g FWS and 1.01 g B, whereas at 30…C it was 6.97 and 0.84 g, respectively. At the end of experimental period, the final weight of the insects reared at 25 and 30…C was about the same. S›cakl›¤›n Schistocerca gregaria Forsk (Orthoptera: Acrididae)'da Geliflme, Efleysel Olgunlaflma, Besin Tuketimi ve Vucut A¤›rl›¤›na Etkisi Ozet: Bu cal›flma, s›cakl›¤›n S. gregaria' da geliflme, efleysel olgunlaflma suresi, besin tuketimi ve vucut a¤›rl›¤›na etkisini belirlemek amac›yla 25 ve 30iC s›cakl›klarda yap›lm›flt›r. Bocekler taze buday cimi ve kepekle beslenmifltir. S›cakl›k artt›r›ld›¤›nda hem geliflme suresi hem de efleysel olgunlaflma suresi k›sald›. 25 ve 30iC de toplam nimfal geliflme suresi s›ras›yla 32 ve 22 gun oldu. Benzer flekilde ortalama efleysel olgunlua ulaflma suresi 30iC de 33 gun olurken 25…C de 52 gun oldu. Boceklerin besin tuketimi ergin hayat›n ilk haftas›n›n sonuna kadar s›cakl›k art›fl›yla birlikte artt›, daha sonra azald›. Birinci nimf evresinden ergin hayat›n ilk haf- tas›n›n sonuna kadar her hayvan 25iC de 23,82 g buday cimi ve 4,27 g kepek tuketirken 30iC de 25,41 g buday cimi ve 4,27 g kepek tuketti. Bununla birlikte ergin hayat›n ilk haftas›ndan efleysel olgunlua kadar 25iC de yetifltirilen her bocein besin tuketi- mi 10,81 g buday cimi ve 1,01 g kepek olurken, 30iC de s›ras›yla 6, 97 ve 0,84 g oldu. Deneysel surenin sonunda 25 ve 30iC de yetifltirilen boceklerin vucut a¤›rl›klar› yaklafl›k olarak ayn›yd›.

The Occurrence of the Rumen Ciliate Metadinium banksi Dehority, 1985 (Ophryoscolecidae, Entodiniomorphida) from Domestic Goats (Capra hircus L.) in Southeastern Turkey

Abstract: Metadinium banksi was observed in rumen contents from a single goat out of eight living in southeastern Turkey. It con- stituted 0.25% of the total ciliate population and had a 12.5% frequency of appearance. The size and percentage occurrence of this species in the present study are compared to those previously reported for other animal hosts living in different geographical loca- tions. This study reports for the first time in Turkey the presence of Metadinium banksi in arctic ruminants. Turkiye'nin Guneydousunda Yaflayan Evcil Kecilerde (Capra hircus L.) ‹flkembe Siliyat› Metadinium banksi Dehority, 1985 (Ophryoscolecidae, Entodiniomorphida)'nin Bulunuflu Ozet: Turkiye'nin guneydousunda yaflayan sekiz evcil keciden birinin iflkembe iceriinde Metadinium banksi gozlenmifltir. Toplam iflkembe siliyat faunas›n›n %0.25'ini oluflturan bu siliyat kecilerimizde %12.5'lik bir gorulme s›kl›¤›na sahiptir. Bu cal›flmada belir- lenen vucut olcumleri ve bulunma yuzdesi, dier corafi bolgelerde yaflayan farkl› konaklardan rapor edilen deerlerle karfl›laflt›r›lm›flt›r. Bu cal›flma Metadinium banksi'nin Turkiye'de arktik ruminantlarda bulunduuna iliflkin ilk kay›tt›r.