Showing papers in "Vingtieme Siecle-revue D Histoire in 1994"

Et ils sont devenus Harkis

Abstract: "L'histoire est tragique Que ceux qui ne l'auraient pas encore compris lisent ce livre Tous les elements de la tragedie sont la : les traitres, les vrais et les faux; la politique et le cynisme des hommes politiques au nom de la raison d'Etat ou de l'ambition nationaliste; Ies hommes de bonne volonte depasses par la violence et l'enchainement des evenements; les ideologies, les passions mais aussi le hasard ; et surtout, les veritables heros de Mohand Hamoumou, les hommes, les pauvres hommes, victimes d'un piege historique, qui ne comprennent pas ou mal ce qui leur arrive et qui souffrent II raconte l'histoire de ces «Francais musulmans» qui participerent a des titres divers a l'action de la France en Algerie Lorsque furent signes les accords d'Evian, malgre les engagements pris, et apres quelques semaines pendant lesquelles rien, ou presque rien ne se passa, beaucoup d'entre eux furent massacres par les membres du FLN victorieux Les autorites militaires francaises avaient recu l'ordre de ne pas intervenir Unanimement condamnes par l'opinion, certains officiers qui avaient engage leur parole aupres de «leurs hommes» desobeirent au pouvoir politique au nom de leur honneur personnel et de ce qu'ils pensaient etre l'honneur de la France Ils purent rapatrier leurs anciens suppletifs et leurs familles, directement menaces de mort Environ la moitie, a leur arrivee; furent installes dans des camps, ou d'anciens sous-officiers ont longtemps fait regner un ordre quasi militaire Tous ceux qu'on appelle les « harkis » et leurs enfants n'en sont pas encore sortis aujourd'hui Regulierement, un incident violent rappelle l'existence du drame Puis le silence retombe Avec precision, talent et pudeur, Mohand Hamoumou explique pourquoi le silence recouvre cette tragedie et le destin des harkis : silence des Francais, silence des victimes" Dominique Schnapper (Preface, extraits)

Le regard en biais. Attitudes françaises et multiculturalisme américain (1990-1993)

Abstract: A side glance. French attitudes and American multiculturalism (1990-1993), Marie-Christine Granjon. ; The author traces the stages of the reception of the American debate on multiculturalism in France, between 1990 and 1993. While rejection was virtually unanimous in the beginning, other, more subtle, views appeared subsequently. In both cases, concern about the French situation (identity and national culture) looms through the French view on the crisis of the American integration model.

Guerres de mémoire en France

Abstract: Memory wars in France, Daniel Lindenberg. ; The author proposes a transversal analysis of the periods which marked French national memory, from the Revolution to the Algerian war. He seeks to describe and explain the double movement of accumulation and selection characteristic of the link between French identity and the past.

Charles seignobos revisité

Abstract: Seignobos revisited, Antoine Prost. ; Did Charles Seignobos really deserve the violent criticism of Lucien Febvre and the Annales in 1933? We should no longer be dupes of 50-year-old polemics. However incomplete and contradictory, history as practiced by Seignobos, and particularly contemporary history, was fully institutional and social, more global than was claimed, and above all, rich in the "analogical imagination" that should always seal the historian's professional work.

Vers une histoire culturelle de la première guerre mondiale

Abstract: Towards a cultural history of the First World War, Stephane Audouin-Rouzeau, Annette Becker. ; The study of the cultural legacy of the First World War involves several histories : of representations, of politics, of popular culture. The ambition of this issue is to reflect on the "culture of war" in its entirety, i.e. beyond national cleavages and historiographie frontiers. That culture seems to have been a large extent one of the causes of the brutality of the conflict. It was experienced as a painful passage to twentieth century modernity.

Political correctness en version originale et en version française. Un malentendu révélateur

Abstract: Political correctness in the original language and in French translation. A revealing misunderstanding, Eric Fassin. ; In this affair, considered on both sides of the Atlantic, the misunderstanding is full of meaning. The pretended "Frenchness" of political correctness says a great deal about the fascinations and the rejections of French intelligence in the United States. In France, the quasi-unanimous denunciation of the "new McCarthyism" says even more about the excessively culturalist vision in which we enclose America. In the heat of the controversy, we find a confrontation between two public statuses and two models of the intellectual.

Les représentations de la guerre dans la culture française de l'entre-deux-guerres

Abstract: The representations of war in French culture in the interwar period, Antoine Prost. ; War was indeed "dynamic" before 1914, but the experience of 1914-1918 ruined its previous representations. It was thereafter perceived both as a catastrophe and as fatal. Between 1918 and 1939, this representation no longer allowed preparations for a new conflict. Relying on Alain and Giraudoux, the author explains how the will to save a certain honor of victorious war led to sacrifice honor at the time of the defeat of 1940.

Le voyage aux champs de bataille

Abstract: Visiting battlefields, Susanne Brandt. From the very beginning of the war, tales and descriptions of the front were called for to maintain the solidarity and mobilization of the civilians vis-a-vis soldiers. Very rapidly, a particular form of tourism appeared. After the war, visits to the front were set in organized tours and guides were published. Not before the late 1920s did Germans go in large numbers to the old battle fields, but through images, photographs and accounts the memory of the war and of its dead were maintained, particularly with the veterans.

L'invention et la désagrégation de la culture communiste

Abstract: The invention and the disintegration of communist culture, Marc Lazar. ; From the point of view of the notion of political culture, the study of a communist party is a textbook case. Communist culture results from a laborious work of edification whose apogee was reached from the early 1930s to the mid-1950s, and whose construction can be observed. The communist ideal type has two dimensions, one teleological but not monolithic and which cannot be limited to its doctrinal aspect, the other societal, which helps to understand how the culture takes form in relation to social groups. Communist culture is thus not only a simple intemalization of norms, values and behaviors, but the result of active work on the infrapolitical level as much as on that of the party and the national leadership.

Le retour de la culture républicaine

Abstract: The return of republican culture, Serge Berstein. ; At a time of an apparently general crisis, the author pleads for optimism with convincing arguments. The original republican culture has certainly experienced major changes. It has weathered storms. But it remains the common denominator, the consensual ensemble which vivifies that the political culture of the French.