Showing papers in "Wsq: Women's Studies Quarterly in 1955"
TL;DR: Samples of trout were exposed to flows of water containing constant low concentrations of oxygen (produced by equilibrating aerated water with nitrogen) and minimum tolerance levels were defined by determining the lowest oxygen level permitting survival of 5%, 50% and 95% of the fish for a period of 5,000 minutes.
Abstract: Samples of trout were exposed to flows of water containing constant low concentrations of oxygen (produced by equilibrating aerated water with nitrogen). At 9°–10 °C. minimum tolerance levels were ...
119 citations
TL;DR: An analysis of records of the Digby scallop fishery indicates that, although changes in fishing methods have been partly responsible for early changes in catch, their influence in recent years has been small and changes in abundance have been primarily responsible for fluctuations.
Abstract: Fluctuations in total landings and in catch per boat have characterized the Digby scallop fishery since it began in 1920. An analysis of records of the fishery indicates that, although changes in f...
113 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an analysis of the published estimates of standing crops of fish in lakes and rivers was made using regression methods to determine whether certain environmental factors may affect standing crop, and an analysis was made, primarily by regression methods, of the estimated estimates of the standing crops.
Abstract: To determine whether certain environmental factors may affect standing crop, an analysis was made, primarily by regression methods, of the published estimates of standing crops of fish in lakes and...
89 citations
TL;DR: There appears to be a correlation between the average value of lactic acid following exercise and the activity of the fish, and also with the position of the species with respect to summer water temperature.
Abstract: During the summers of 1953 and 1954 the effects of forced activity on two blood constituents were investigated in seven species of fresh-water fishes, representing six families The fish were hatch
79 citations
TL;DR: Estimated standing crops of eels in eight Maritime lakes treated with fish poisons varied from 0 to 70.8 pounds per acre, indicating smaller standing crops were associated with greater distances of lakes from fish poisons.
Abstract: Estimated standing crops of eels in eight Maritime lakes treated with fish poisons varied from 0 to 70.8 pounds per acre. Smaller standing crops were associated with greater distances of lakes from...
69 citations
TL;DR: Light sensitivity of the sockeye salmon smolt (Oncorhynchus nerka) is dependent upon the pineal organ as well as the eyes and the phototactic response of the fish.
Abstract: Light sensitivity of the sockeye salmon smolt (Oncorhynchus nerka) is dependent upon the pineal organ as well as the eyes. Destruction of the pineal area of the brain affects the distribution of pigment in the chromatophores and the phototactic response of the fish.
53 citations
TL;DR: The rate of oxygen supply to salmon eggs incubating in a stream bed depends on the oxygen concentration in the groundwater and the rate of seepage through the river bed as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The rate of oxygen supply to salmon eggs incubating in a stream bed depends on the oxygen concentration in the groundwater and the rate of seepage through the redd Wickett (1954) devised a simple
51 citations
TL;DR: The sea sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrhynchus Mitchill, occurs in the western north Atlantic Ocean from Canadian waters south to the Gulf of Mexico and is described as the new subspecies de sotoi, which differs in having a longer head, longer pectoral fins, strongly developed scutes of distinctive shape and an unusually long spleen.
Abstract: The sea sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrhynchus Mitchill, occurs in the western north Atlantic Ocean from Canadian waters south to the Gulf of Mexico. Specimens taken from eastern Florida to Quebec are ass...
44 citations
TL;DR: In the shortest streams examined, each night's migrants appeared to reach the sea before daybreak, and fry were seen to bury themselves at the onset of daylight.
Abstract: The seaward migration of pink and chum salmon fry takes place at night. Strong light is avoided. In pink salmon negative rheotaxis (swimming with a current) is strongly developed and migration is not primarily effected by random swimming and passive displacement. Downstream movement is mainly at or close to the surface. In slack water vertical distribution is more uniform. In the shortest streams examined, each night's migrants appeared to reach the sea before daybreak. In a longer stream, fry were seen to bury themselves at the onset of daylight. After being held in fresh water for an undetermined period, fry show positive rheotaxis and schooling behaviour and no longer avoid light. Behaviour of fry after reaching the sea also differs from that shown during actual migration. Changes in behaviour may coincide with commencement of feeding.
39 citations
TL;DR: The presence of larval Anisakis in British Columbia herring was examined during the winter fisheries of 1950–51 and 1951–52 and the level of infection increased with age, I-year fish (i.e. fish in their first year of life) being uninfected.
Abstract: The presence of larval Anisakis in British Columbia herring was examined during the winter fisheries of 1950–51 and 1951–52. In the commercial catches in the Strait of Georgia the incidence was fou...
36 citations
TL;DR: The process of egg collar formation by naticid whelks is described in detail, with an account of the structure of the egg masses of nine species of Naticidae.
Abstract: The process of egg collar formation by naticid whelks is described in detail, with an account of the structure of the egg masses of nine species of Naticidae. The collars of five American and two E...
TL;DR: Heavier exploitation in the northern part of the lake probably accelerated the growth rate of the burbot population, and a significant difference in length-weight relationship exists between two localities.
Abstract: Burbot are common in Lake Winnipeg; 886 were taken as a sample. Trap-net and otter-trawl catches are more representative of the population than gill-net catches. A significant difference in length-...
TL;DR: Collections of planktonic copepods of Ungava Bay and central Hudson Strait were made during late June, July and August of 1947, 1949 and 1950 and the following 22 species have been identified.
Abstract: Collections of planktonic copepods of Ungava Bay and central Hudson Strait were made during late June, July and August of 1947, 1949 and 1950. The following 22 species have been identified: Calanus...
TL;DR: Lecithodesmus goliath and O. plicatus are reported for the first time from the Pacific and P. delphini was previously unknown in the North Pacific.
Abstract: The following helminth parasites have been recorded from Cetacea caught off the British Columbia coast. Trematoda: Lecithodesmus goliath (fin whale), Lecithodesmus spinosus n. sp. (sei whale) and Ogmogaster plicatus (fin and sei whales); Cestoda: Phyllobothrium delphini (sperm and fin whales); Nematoda: Anisakis simplex (sei, Baird's beaked and sperm whales), Anisakis physeteris (sperm whale), immature Anisakis sp. (fin and humpback whales) and Crassicauda pacifica n. sp. (fin whale); Acanthocephala: Bolbosoma turbinella (sei whale). Crassicauda pacifica and L. spinosus are illustrated and described, and compared with known species of their respective genera. The variations in morphology and measurements are discussed for O. plicatus. Notes on host and geographical distribution are cited for all parasites. Lecithodesmus goliath and O. plicatus are reported for the first time from the Pacific and P. delphini was previously unknown in the North Pacific. Bolbosoma turbinella is a new record for the northeast...
TL;DR: Four species of chaetognaths were found in samples from 11 representative areas along the coastline of western Canada, and Sagitta elegans was the most abundant and widely distributed species, occurring, at least in small numbers, in all the areas sampled.
Abstract: Four species of chaetognaths were found in samples from 11 representative areas along the coastline of western Canada. Sagitta elegans was the most abundant and widely distributed species, occurring, at least in small numbers, in all the areas sampled. It was characteristic of the mixed coastal waters over the continental shelf and of the inland waters. Eukrohnia hamata, an oceanic form, occurred in most regions in small numbers as an immigrant, and was abundant toward the edge of the continental shelf. Sagitta lyra, strictly a deep sea species, was found only in the open waters along the outer coasts, and a few specimens of Sagitta decipiens, another oceanic form, were also taken in deep hauls from areas exposed to open ocean influence. The outer limit of Sagitta elegans corresponded with the inner limits of all three oceanic forms, though Eukrohnia hamata invaded the inland waters to some extent.
TL;DR: A study of the food and feeding habits of Brunnich's murre on Akpatok Island, Ungava Bay, was made during the period August 9–28, 1954.
Abstract: A study of the food and feeding habits of Brunnich's murre (Uria lomvia lomvia) on Akpatok Island, Ungava Bay, was made during the period August 9–28, 1954. The adults often dropped the food they w...
TL;DR: The smallmouth bass population of South Bay, Lake Huron and the sport fishery imposed on it have been studied by means of marking and creel census carried out during the yea... as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui) population of South Bay, Lake Huron and the sport fishery imposed on it have been studied by means of marking and creel census carried out during the yea...
TL;DR: During a period of eight months, 850 haddock were taken from a trawler from the Nova Scotian and Grand Banks and immediately after landing, the fillets were examined organoleptically and tested for pH and trimethylamine, indicating a rather close correlation between the development of early spoilage odours and the increase of trimethyamine.
Abstract: During a period of eight months, 850 haddock were taken from a trawler from the Nova Scotian and Grand Banks. Immediately after landing, the fish were filleted and the fillets were examined organol...
TL;DR: Observations suggest that ready-to-settle oyster larvae have three behaviour characteristics: they are benthic; light stimulates them to settle; and they settle most readily on lower surfaces.
Abstract: Collectors were exposed at various depths in water 2.3 m. deep in tideless Gillis Cove (Bras d'Or Lake, N.S.) and renewed morning and evening. Rates of settlement of oyster spat (Ostrea virginica) ...
TL;DR: The distribution of salinity, temperature and water transparency observed in the Miramichi estuary in 1950 and 1951 is correlated with the amount of precipitation, river discharge, wind velocity and other physical variables.
Abstract: The distribution of salinity, temperature and water transparency observed in the Miramichi estuary in 1950 and 1951 is correlated with the amount of precipitation, river discharge, wind velocity an...
TL;DR: A regression analysis, which is based on time changes in the ratio of the number of marked fish in the daily catch to the total daily catch, was used to estimate initial population size.
Abstract: A regression analysis, which is based on time changes in the ratio of the number of marked fish in the daily catch to the total daily catch, was used to estimate initial population size. This metho...
TL;DR: The morphology of several species of cyamids are presented and Cyamus elongatus Hiro is shown to be a synonym of C. catodontis Margolis.
Abstract: Maxilliped palps are present in adult Cyamus ceti, C. scammoni and C. ovalis; absent in adult C. boopis, C. nodosus and C. gracilis; their presence is variable in C. erraticus and C. catodontis. The genus Paracyamus is considered a direct synonym of Cyamus. Neocyamus n. gen. is created for the acceptance of Cyamus physeteris Pouchet. Cyamus elongatus Hiro is shown to be a synonym of C. boopis Lutken and C. boopis var. physeteris Pouchet is a synonym of C. catodontis Margolis. Further notes on the morphology of several species of cyamids are presented.
TL;DR: Extracts of post-rigor cod muscle made at low ionic strength have been examined by electrophoresis in sodium chloride phosphate buffers and the highest isoelectric point found was at pH 5.9, much lower than those reported for similar proteins from rabbit.
Abstract: Extracts of post-rigor cod muscle made at low ionic strength have been examined by electrophoresis in sodium chloride phosphate buffers of ionic strength 0.15 (NaCl = 0.10) and pH between 5.3 and 7.5. The patterns were qualitatively similar to those reported for extracts made from freshly killed cod. At the lower pH values, ten components could be distinguished. The highest isoelectric point found was at pH 5.9, much lower than those reported for similar proteins from rabbit.
TL;DR: Results in the present instance indicate that near-maximum economic yields are now being realized by the winter flounders fishery.
Abstract: Detailed records of the fishery for a small discrete population of winter flounders permit calculations of growth rate, natural and fishing mortality rates and recruitment which are used to construct yield- and value-isopleths. The analysis illustrates the value of such data in predicting equilibrium yields under different conditions. Results in the present instance indicate that near-maximum economic yields are now being realized by the fishery.
TL;DR: A stocking, partial-poisoning and creel census experiment was carried out on a stratified lake in an effort to increase the crop of speckled trout, Salvelinus fontinalis.
Abstract: A stocking, partial-poisoning and creel census experiment was carried out on a stratified lake in an effort to increase the crop of speckled trout, Salvelinus fontinalis. Except for a single year i...
TL;DR: Inconnu spawn mainly in the rivers which enter Great Slave Lake from the Mackenzie Lowlands as discussed by the authors, and a description of the subspecies is given, based on measurements of 26 specimens.
Abstract: Material for this study was gathered by field parties of the Fisheries Research Board in the summers of 1944, 1945 and 1946. A description of the subspecies is given, based on measurements of 26 specimens. The distribution of Stenodus in Great Slave Lake, and in northern North America is outlined. The rate of growth was determined from an examination of scale samples from 298 fish, and it was found that the inconnu has a rapid growth rate, even in this highly oligotrophic lake. Inconnu spawn mainly in the rivers which enter Great Slave Lake from the Mackenzie Lowlands. The upstream run apparently occupies most of the summer but evidence is presented which indicates a major movement in late August. The post-spawning, downstream run takes place in late September or early October. Residents take advantage of it to put up inconnu for winter dog feed. The food of young inconnu in the spawning streams was found to be mainly invertebrates, whereas in Great Slave Lake the species is almost entirely piscivorous. A...
TL;DR: It appears from these data and comparison with other work that the region lies in the divergence of the Sub-Arctic Current which divides to form the north-flowing Alaska Gyral and the south-flowed California Current.
Abstract: Four oceanographic surveys of the Pacific Ocean between the Canadian coast and Longitude 141° W. were undertaken in 1950, 1951 and 1952. The data are analysed to show the temperature, salinity and density structure, and the calculated currents. There is a surface zone about 100 to 150 metres deep in which all seasonal variations occur. This overlies a lower zone of more saline water of constant properties. The currents are weak and sinuous. It appears from these data and comparison with other work that the region lies in the divergence of the Sub-Arctic Current which divides to form the north-flowing Alaska Gyral and the south-flowing California Current. The identity and origins of the water masses are discussed.
TL;DR: A collection of 26 species of echinoderms, collected between 1947 and 1952 by the Calanus expeditions in Ungava Bay, eastern Hudson Strait, Frobisher Bay and Cumberland Sound, is described.
Abstract: A collection of 26 species of echinoderms, collected between 1947 and 1952 by the Calanus expeditions in Ungava Bay, eastern Hudson Strait, Frobisher Bay and Cumberland Sound, is described. Include...
TL;DR: Nematode-infected smolts were significantly larger than the uninfected individuals in 1952 but not so in 1953, which indicates that the cestode infection retards growth.
Abstract: Of the 1-year-old sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum)) smolts migrating from Babine Lake in 1952 and 1953, in each year about 35% were infected with the cestode Eubothrium salvelini (Schrank, 1790) and 20% by the nematode Philonema oncorhynchi Kuitunen-Ekbaum, 1933. Six to 7% of the smolts harboured both parasites. Fish infected by cestodes only or cestodes and nematodes were significantly smaller than uninfected fish or those with nematodes only. This indicates that the cestode infection retards growth. Nematode-infected smolts were significantly larger than the uninfected individuals in 1952 but not so in 1953.
TL;DR: A significantly faster growth rate by native and planted eastern brook trout followed the addition of commercial fertilizers in sufficient quantities to provide potential additional concentrations of P, N and K, and the rate of capture and the yield by weight to anglers approximately doubled.
Abstract: A significantly faster growth rate by native and planted eastern brook trout followed the addition of commercial fertilizers in sufficient quantities to provide potential additional concentrations of 0.39 mg. P, 0.21 mg. N and 0.27 mg. K per litre in Crecy Lake (20.4 ha.; mean depth, 2.4), New Brunswick. Largely because trout planted as fingerlings attained suitable angling size when yearlings, the rate of capture and the yield by weight to anglers approximately doubled. The improved growth rate, but not yields, persisted into the second and third years after fertilization. Coincident was an increase in predation by fish-eating birds and mammals. With predator control and the same stocking rates, the yield of trout flesh produced in the lake increased from 0.9 to 5.9 kgm. per hectare over the next two-year period. With predator control extended to trapping eels in the lake, a second comparable fertilization with respect to concentrations of P, N and K, and a doubling of the stocking rate, a yield of 9.7 k...