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All figures (8)
Figure 1. Burden of disease attributable to 20 leading risk factors in 1990, expressed as a percentage of global disability-adjusted life-years
Table 2
Figure 4. 95% uncertainty intervals for risk factors ranked by global attributable disabilityadjusted life-years, 2010
Table 1 shows the sources of effect sizes per unit of exposure for each risk factor. Some effect sizes were based on meta-analyses of epidemiological studies. For several risk factors without recent systematic reviews or for which evidence had not recently been synthesised, new meta-analyses were done as part of GBD 2010. We used effect sizes that had been adjusted for measured confounders but not for factors along the causal pathway. For example, effect sizes for body-mass index were not adjusted for blood pressure. For some risk–outcome pairs, evidence is only available for the relative risk (RR) of morbidity or mortality. In these cases, we assumed that the reported RR would apply equally to morbidity or mortality, unless evidence suggested a differential effect. For example, studies of ambient particulate matter pollution suggest a smaller effect on incidence of cardio vascular and respiratory disease than on mortality;124–126 the published work on consumption of seafood omega-3 fatty acids suggests an effect on ischaemic heart disease mortality but not on incidence of ischaemic heart disease.90
Figure 3. Global risk factor ranks with 95% UI for all ages and sexes combined in 1990, and 2010, and percentage change
Figure 5. Risk factors ranked by attributable burden of disease, 2010
Figure 6. Attributable burden for each risk factor
Figure 2. Burden of disease attributable to 20 leading risk factors in 2010, expressed as a percentage of global disability-adjusted life-years
Journal Article
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DOI
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A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010
[...]
Stephen S Lim
1
,
Theo Vos
,
Abraham D. Flaxman
1
,
Goodarz Danaei
2
+207 more
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Institutions (92)
15 Dec 2012
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The Lancet