Fig. 1. Set-up of integrated submerged DCMD – sorption system 259 2.5.1 Membrane analysis 260 The morphology and element composition on the surface of the used and virgin membranes 261 were analysed using SEM-EDX at a voltage of 15 kV as per the details mentioned in Section 262 2.3.3. The hydrophobicity of the virgin and used membranes were evaluated by measuring 263 the water contact angle of the membrane using a goniometer (Theta Lite, Biolin Scientific, 264 Sweden). Measurements were duplicated at different location of the membrane and the 265 average value was used for this study. 266
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