The thesis consists of three essays on labour market structure and policies.Minimum Wage and Tax Evasion: Theory builds a theoretical model to analyse the interaction between minimum wage legislation and tax evasion by employed labour. The firm and the worker agree on the amount of earnings to report to the fiscal authorities, which possess an imperfect detection technology. The introduction of the minimum wage poses a constraint on the reporting decision and induces an increase in compliance by some agents. As a consequence, a spike at the minimum wage appears in the distribution of declared earnings. Moreover, a nominally neutral fiscal regime becomes regressive, while fiscal revenues may increase.Minimum Wage and Tax Evasion: Empirical Evidence tests the prediction derived from the model in the first essay that a minimum wage hike implies a fall in true income even for those workers who appear to benefit from it. It uses the massive increase in the minimum wage that took place in Hungary in 2001 as a quasi-natural experiment. A difference-in-difference approach is used, comparing food consumption before and after the minimum wage hike for households affected by it and for similar but unaffected households. The treatment effect is negative and significant across different specifications, thus supporting the prediction of the model. The control group is validated by showing that it did not differ from the treatment group in the pre-policy period.In-Work Benefits in Search Equilibrium investigates the general equilibrium effects of in-work benefits in a search framework. Introducing in-work benefits reduces equilibrium unemployment, moderate wages, and boosts participation and search. Total employment increases as a result. Compared to a partial equilibrium analysis, accounting for general equilibrium effects reinforces the impact of benefits on labour market variables. The case when benefits are financed through proportional taxation on wages is also analysed.

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Essays on Labour Market Structure and Policies

The present paper aims to explore the competition in exports among ASEAN + 3 members by applying the export similarity index for the disaggregation export data from 1990 to 2014. We also discuss the changes of comparative advantage of ASEAN + 3's exports through the revealed comparative advantage index and its relation with similarity index. First, the results support the idea that export similarity varies among ASEAN + 3 member states over the period 1990–2014. Second, we find evidence of several export communities. In particular, five countries, notably China, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore and South Korea, with the highest similarity index form an export community mainly in the electronic microcircuits and parts of office machines. Third, the revealed comparative advantage seems to be the key factor defining the similarity level of exports. Finally, the revealed comparative advantage analysis partly allows us to verify the Ricardo's theory and New Trade theory in the context of ASEAN + 3 trade inte...

/pdf/similarity-in-trade-structure-evidence-from-asean-3-38div70rli.pdf

Similarity in trade structure: Evidence from ASEAN + 3

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between industrial policy, structural change and productivity growth of Taiwan at industry level in 1981-2010. To serve such purpose, we construct the Taiwan KLEMS Database, in which the economy is divided into 31 industries. Following the methodology developed by Jorgenson, Gollop and Fraumeni (1987) and Jorgenson, Ho and Stiroh (2005) and the manual of Asia KLEMS, we decompose the output growth into contributions of capital, labor and intermediate inputs (energy, materials and services) as well as total factor productivity. In the last decades, Taiwan's industrial policy focused on to support the socalled " hi-tech " industries, such as ICT industry (13 Electrical and Optical Equipment, Post and communications). The strategies include establishment of science-based industrial parks, technological support from national research institute and national plan, providing tax incentives and special support for developing semiconductor industry, and so on. It is clear that there are significant structural changes happened in past decades. The industry weights for primary and secondary decrease over time, whilst the important of tertiary industry increases during the period of 1981-2010. The industry weights of most other industries in the Secondary Industry decreased except " Electrical and optical equipment " and " Basic and fabricated metal ". On the contrary, most industries in Tertiary Industry increased during 1981-2010. It is shown that the industrial policy is a significant factor to influence the industrial structural change. It is also found that in several industrial, such as food products and textile, rubber and plastics, the growth rates of labor input (measured by total working hour, HEMP) are negative. We also find that the TFP growth rate of " Electrical and Optical Equipment " industry is the highest in secondary industries whilst the TFP growth rate of " Post and communications " is the largest among the tertiary sector, which means the impact of the industrial policy does not have impact on structural change, but also influences the TFP growth rate.

http://www.worldklems.net/conferences/worldklems2014/worldklems2014_Lin.pdf

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Citations

Essays on Labour Market Structure and Policies

Similarity in trade structure: Evidence from ASEAN + 3

Industrial policy, Structural Change, and Pattern of Industrial Productivity Growth in Taiwan

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