Journal ArticleDOI
Comparison of Different Reactor Types Used in the Manufacture of Ethoxylated, Propoxylated Products
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TLDR
In this article, the authors examined the key factors in the performance of the two types of reaction and the role of kinetics and mass transfer in the process, as well as the safety of the process.Abstract:
Ethoxylation and/or propoxylation are performed in industry to produce surfactants and polyglycols. The reaction is normally promoted by an alkaline catalyst (such as NaOH or KOH) and is performed in gas−liquid stirred reactors, Venturi loop reactors, and spray tower loop reactors. In the first two types of reactors, the gas phase is dispersed into the liquid phase; on the contrary, in the latter case, the liquid phase is dispersed into the gaseous one. In this paper, the key factors in ethoxylation/propoxylation technology will be examined: (i) the types of reactors employed and their performances; (ii) the role of kinetics and mass transfer in the process; and (iii) safety.read more
Citations
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Bases and Basic Materials in Industrial and Environmental Chemistry: A Review of Commercial Processes
TL;DR: The practical application of liquids and solid bases in industrial and environmental processes is reviewed in this paper, together with health and safety considerations are discussed, together with process features, and conclusions about the future use of bases and the perspective of a more massive application of solid bases are offered.
Journal ArticleDOI
Perspective on overcoming scale-up hurdles for the reductive catalytic fractionation of lignocellulose biomass
Elias Cooreman,Thijs Vangeel,Korneel Van Aelst,Joost Van Aelst,Jeroen Lauwaert,Joris W. Thybaut,Sander Van den Bosch,Bert F. Sels +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, reductive catalytic fractionation of lignocellulose biomass has emerged as a promising biorefinery concept that combines biomass fractionation with the preservation of chemical functionality in its products.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reactor modeling and recipe optimization of polyether polyol processes: Polypropylene glycol
TL;DR: The reactor modeling and recipe optimization of conventional semibatch polyether polyol processes, in particular for the polymerization of propylene oxide to make polypropylene glycol, is addressed and a good match between the model prediction and real plant data is shown, and the optimization approach is able to significantly reduce the batch time.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparison of Different Reactor Configurations for the Reduction of Free Acidity in Raw Materials for Biodiesel Production
Elio Santacesaria,Riccardo Tesser,M. Di Serio,M. Guida,D. Gaetano,A. Garcia Agreda,F. Cammarota +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used sulfonic exchange acid resin as the catalyst in two different reactors: a well-stirred slurry reactor (WSSR) and a spray tower loop (STLR) both working at atmospheric pressure.
Journal ArticleDOI
Simulation and Analysis of a Reactive Distillation Column for Removal of Water from Ethanol–Water Mixtures
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel approach to removing water from near-azeotropic ethanol-water mixtures is proposed based on the hydration of ethylene oxide (EO) to produce ethylene glycol (EG) in a reactive distillation (RD) column.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Distribution of Compounds Formed in the Reaction between Ethylene Oxide and Water, Ethanol, Ethylene Glycol, or Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether.
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Loop Venturi ReactorA Feasible Alternative to Stirred Tank Reactors
TL;DR: The turbine-stirred gas−liquid reactors have received much attention during the past decennia as mentioned in this paper, especially for gas-liquid operations, but proper design of turbine-strained gas− liquid reactors on an industrial scale has not yet been investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mass Transfer and Kinetics in Spray-Tower-Loop Absorbers and Reactors
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the kinetic and mass transfer behavior of spray-tower-loop absorbers and reactors and investigated mass-transfer rates in the physical absorption of the spray tower-loop.
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Ethylene Oxide Solubility and Ethoxylation Kinetics in the Synthesis of Nonionic Surfactants
TL;DR: In this paper, the two parameters of the NRTL and Wilson equations have been correlated with the mean number of the ethylene oxide adducts of the hydrophilic chain by applying quadratic polynomials.
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Kinetics of nonylphenol polyethoxylation catalyzed by potassium hydroxide
TL;DR: In this paper, the kinetics of nonylphenol polyethoxylation, catalyzed by potassium hydroxide, has been studied in a semibatch reactor, by performing kinetic runs at different temperatures, catalyst concentrations, and ethylene oxide pressures.