Summary During a study of local immunity in the fowl, histological examination was made of the Harderian and lachrymal glands after eye‐drop application of sheep erythrocytes (SRBC), or live vaccine strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). As judged by counts of lymphoid foci and Russell body (RB‐containing cells each treatment resulted in heightened lymphoid activity and increase in plasma cell numbers in both glands. However, the changes were more apparent in the lachrymal gland which normally carries few immuno‐competent cells. After stimulation, immunoglobulin (Ig)‐containing secretion accumulated in the Harderian gland. Aerosol or intravenous infection of normal chickens with lentogenic NDV induced a moderate or slight cellular reaction respectively in the paraocular glands. However, no histological change resulted from intravenous inoculation of SRBC in either intact or splenectomised birds. In the Harderian gland, epithelial vacuolation and a 25–30 fold increa...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03079457908418329

Comparison of immunity to Newcastle disease after vaccination with Newcastle disease vaccine given alone or together with infectious bronchitis vaccine

The response of the Harderian gland of the fowl to antigen given by the ocular route i. Histological changes

Eighteen Newcastle disease virus vaccines (B1, LaSota and AG68L) were evaluated using various test methods. The main parameters considered were potency (expressed as an end point titre), respiratory stress effect and immunisation in the presence of maternally derived antibody. Results using vaccines of different origins were compared and replicate testing used to estimate the significance of the results. It was concluded that there were differences between vaccines in immunising capacity, potency levels and stress effects. LaSota vaccines were found to be more varied, more heterogeneous and generally more immunogenic than the B1 vaccines, however, the AG68L vaccines were found to be more immunogenic than either the B1 or LaSota vaccines.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03079458008418385

Laboratory tests for comparing live lentogenic newcastle disease vaccines.

The effect of mixed vaccinations against Newcastle disease (ND) and Infectious bursal disease (IBD) on immune response, feed consumption and weight gain were studied in 21 days old broilers. The trial was carried out to ascertain the safety of this practice which is intended to reduce labour, cost and stress associated with chasing and catching during individual bird vaccinations in large flocks. The two diseases are among the common viral diseases found in Nigeria; a country with an expanding poultry population that is creating major impact in its meat industry. Their prevention is largely by vaccination and vaccinations with live vaccines can precipitate reactions. A total of 120 broilers were assigned into 4 groups (G1, G2, G3 and G4) of 30 chickens each at 21 days of age. Chicken in G1 were vaccinated with ND vaccine, La Sota which was given singly at 21 days of age and repeated at 35 days of age. Chickens in G2 were vaccinated with both ND vaccine, La Sota and IBD vaccine, which were given simultaneously at 21 days of age and repeated at 35 days of age. Chickens in G3 were vaccinated with both vaccines but the vaccines were given singly with ND vaccine given at 21 days of age and repeated at 35 days of age while IBDV vaccine was given at 28 days of age and repeated at 42 days of age. Chickens in G4 were vaccinated with IBDV vaccine only which was given at 21 days of age and repeated at 35 days of age. Serum samples were collected from 10 chickens in each group for serology. The chickens in the groups were monitored for feed consumption and weight gain. Results showed that mixed vaccination of the chicken was well tolerated. Mixed vaccination did not affect immune response of the chickens. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in both feed consumption and weight gain among chickens in the different groups.

/pdf/effects-of-mixed-vaccinations-against-newcastle-disease-and-5ck0gz0ry2.pdf

Effects Of Mixed Vaccinations Against Newcastle Disease And Infectious Bursal Disease On Immune Response, Feed Consumption And Weight Gain In Broilers.

Summary In the present study, 360 male day-old broiler chicks were used to determine the effect of mixed live vaccines of Newcastle disease (ND) and infectious bronchitis (IB) on serum and local antibody responses to IB. Chicks were randomly divided into 12 treatment groups of 3 replicates and reared for 40 days on floor pens. Groups 1 to 5 received mixed ND and IB vaccine. Groups 7 to 11 received IB vaccine alone and regarded as positive controls. Group 6, that received ND vaccine only, and group 12, that received no vaccine, were considered as negative controls. Antibody titer against IB in the nasal washings and sera was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The chickens were inoculated with IB live vaccine (strain H120) with or without ND live vaccine by means of an eye dropper. Serum samples obtained on the 19th and 29th day of age and serum samples, as well as nasal washings, collected on day 40, were used to determine systemic and local antibody responses to IB. On the 40th day of age, tracheal samples were also collected to study the probable pathologic lesions due to the effect of live vaccines used. There was no significant difference in systemic antibody response (SAR) among all groups measured on the 19th day. On the 29th and 40th day of age, SAR of the negative control groups was significantly (P<0.05) different from those received IB vaccine. On the 40th day, nasal washings showed higher antibody titer as compared to the systemic antibody titer (P<0.05). The pathologic lesions in groups received mixed vaccine were higher than groups received IB vaccine alone or the control groups. Mortality rate, weight gain and food conversion ratio were not significantly different among groups studied. Despite the observations that mixed live IB and ND vaccination resulted in a higher antibody response as compared to the single IB vaccination, yet this program could not be recommended to use in farm due to higher pathologic lesions in trachea.

Comparison of immunity to Newcastle disease after vaccination with Newcastle disease vaccine given alone or together with infectious bronchitis vaccine

Citations

The response of the Harderian gland of the fowl to antigen given by the ocular route i. Histological changes

Laboratory tests for comparing live lentogenic newcastle disease vaccines.

Effects Of Mixed Vaccinations Against Newcastle Disease And Infectious Bursal Disease On Immune Response, Feed Consumption And Weight Gain In Broilers.

The effect of mixed live vaccines of newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis on systemic and local antibody responses in chickens

A potency test for live Newcastle disease vaccines.