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Journal ArticleDOI

Feeding and Other Gall Facets: Patterns and Determinants in Gall Structure

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TLDR
The animal-induced galls have a striking anatomical diversity, concerning several patterns, which were reunited herein, and culminates in extant gall structural diversity.
Abstract
Galls are neoformed structures induced by specific animals, fungi, bacteria, virus or some parasitic plants on their host plant organs. Developmental processes are well known in Agrobacterium tumefasciens galls, but the animal-induced galls have a striking anatomical diversity, concerning several patterns, which were reunited herein. Anatomical traits observed in animal-induced galls involve manipulation of plant morphogenesis in convergent ways. Nematode, mite and insect galls usually contain homogeneous storage parenchyma and develop due to hyperplasia and cell hypertrophy. The development of typical nutritive tissues, giant cells, or hypertrophied vascular bundles may occur. Some other anatomical features may be usually restricted to galls induced by specific taxa, but they may eventually be related to the developmental potentialities of the host plants. The combination of distinct morphogenetic peculiarities in each gall system culminates in extant gall structural diversity. Convergent anatomical traits are observed according to the feeding mode of the gall inducers, representing potentiation or inhibition of similar events of host plant morphogenesis and cell redifferentiation, independent of gall-inducing taxa.

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Citations
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Histopathogenesis of the galls induced by Nothanguina phyllobia in Solanum elaeagnifolium [Silver-leaf nightshade, perennial weeds, biological control agents]

TL;DR: The histopathogenesis of the foliar galls induced by Nothanguina phyllobia Thorne in Solanum elaeagnilolium Cav. was examined via serial sections prepared from plant shoots at 11 time intervals (0.5-30 days) following inoculation as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI

Cytological attributes of storage tissues in nematode and eriophyid galls: pectin and hemicellulose functional insights

TL;DR: Despite their analogous functionalities, the protoplast and cell wall features of TNT cells of nematode galls and of the feeding cells of the Eriophyidae galls are distinct, and work out through different strategies toward keeping gall developmental site active.
Journal ArticleDOI

Enzyme‐mediated metabolism in nutritive tissues of galls induced by Ditylenchus gallaeformans (Nematoda: Anguinidae)

TL;DR: Reducing sugars in the TNT are important for the production of new cell walls during the indeterminate growth of the galls, which have increased levels of water-soluble polysaccharides that corroborate such hypothesis.
Journal ArticleDOI

Hemicelluloses and associated compounds determine gall functional traits

TL;DR: Although cell wall dynamics is peculiar to each gall morphotype in Inga ingoides, the role of xyloglucans as carbohydrate reserve to the gall inducers constitutes a functional trait common the three morphotypes.
Journal ArticleDOI

Interactions Between Figs and Gall-Inducing Fig Wasps: Adaptations, Constraints, and Unanswered Questions

TL;DR: A review of current knowledge on gall induction by fig wasps and exposes the many lacunae in this area can be found in this paper, which makes connections between fig and gall-inducing wasp traits, and suggests relatively unexplored research avenues.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

The role of pectic composition of cell walls in the determination of the new shape-functional design in galls of Baccharis reticularia (Asteraceae)

TL;DR: The pectic dynamics in the gall tissues was particularly altered in relation to low methyl-esterified HGA, which confers elasticity and expansion, as well as porosity and adhesion to cell walls, and are related to the homogenization and hypertrophy of gall cortex, and to translocation of solutes to the larval chamber.
Journal ArticleDOI

Variation in the degree of pectin methylesterification during the development of Baccharis dracunculifolia kidney-shaped gall.

TL;DR: The results indicate that similar gall morphotypes in cogeneric host species may present distinct cell responses in the subcelular level, and also corroborate the functions proposed in literature for HGAs.

Plant growth hormones in pinyon insect galls

TL;DR: Cellular hypertrophy and hyperplasia also support the idea that plant growth controlling substances such as auxins and/or gibberellins probably play an important role in gall formation.
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