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Formation of heating surface on aluminum material

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TLDR
In this article, the authors proposed a method to form a heating surface with superior characteristics by chemically treating an Al material with an acid-contg. treating soln. in succession.
Abstract
PURPOSE:To form a heating surface with superior characteristics by chemically treating an Al material with an acid-contg. treating soln. and with a specified treating soln. in succession. CONSTITUTION:An Al material is chemically treated with an acid-contg. treating soln. to form a chemical film such as a chromate film, a zirconium film or a phosphate film beforehand. Next, the material is chemically treated with a treating soln. of 6-12pH contg. silicate such as sodium silicate or potassium silicate at 0.0005- 1.0mol/l concn., tannic acid or its salt at 0.001-1.0mol/l concn. or silica sol at 0.0001-40% concn. as SiO2 for 1-60min to form a rough heating surface film with superior characteristics.

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