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Immobilization of lead and cadmium in fly ash

Mark J. O'Hara, +1 more
TLDR
In this paper, the authors used dry lime and an aqueous solution of an inorganic salt supplying sulfide, especially an alkali metal sulfide in equimolar quantities.
Abstract: 
Leaching of cadmium and lead from solid residues obtained in the incineration of refuse may be reduced to environmentally acceptable levels by the addition of calcium sulfide to such residues A particularly convenient method involves the addition of dry lime and an aqueous solution of an inorganic salt supplying sulfide, especially an alkali metal sulfide, in equimolar quantities

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Composition and process for the encapsulation and stabilization of radioactive, hazardous and mixed wastes

Paul Kalb, +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a process for multibarrier encapsulation of radioactive, hazardous and mixed wastes by combining substantially simultaneously dry waste powder, a non-biodegradable thermoplastic polymer and an anhydrous additive in an extruder to form a homogenous molten matrix.
Patent

Fixation and utilization of ash residue from the incineration of municipal solid waste

Frederick H. Gustin, +2 more
TL;DR: In this paper, municipal solid waste ash is utilized in the manufacture of an aggregate and is processed to form a cold bonded pellet which, when tested by means of TCLP leaching extraction tests using tCLP No. 2 extraction fluid, does not exceed the 1990 limits for the RCRA priority heavy metals.
Patent

Method of detoxification and stabilization of soils contaminated with chromium ore waste

Mark Y. Kigel, +3 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for treating chromium ore waste contaminated soils by detoxification, fixation, immobilization and stabilization comprising the steps of soil grinding, pre-activating, reducing chromium valiancy, forming insoluble metal hydroxides, and incapsulating the chromium compounds containing agglomerates to prevent potential chromium leaching from the soil according with the standard toxicity characteristic leaching procedure requirements.
Patent

Method of treating lead contaminated soil

Charles A. Cody, +2 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a method of treating lead contaminated soil to reduce the amount of mobile lead contained in the soil, which comprises: (a) providing an agent selected from the group consisting of inorganic phosphate compounds, inorganic phosphite compounds and mixtures thereof; and (b) contacting the agent with the soil to react the agents with the lead and form immobilized, acid-insoluble lead compounds.
Patent

Incineration residue treatment apparatus

William A. Roberts
TL;DR: In this article, coal bottom ash is mixed in a multi-segment rotary drum with a heavy metals treatment agent in a first section of the drum, and the mixture separates under the shearing force imposed by the rotating drum into individual pieces which are rolled into balls.
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Leach-resistant solid bodies from fly ash and heavy metal sludge

Robert W. Styron
TL;DR: In this article, solid, leach-resistant bodies are formed from aqueous heavy metal sludge and fly ash formed in the combustion of subbituminous coal from the Power River Basin by slurrying the sludge with an amount of fly ash equivalent to between about 20 and 70 wt. % based on the weight of the slurry.
Patent

Method of making a building material

Georg Dr Rer Nat Gebhard, +1 more
TL;DR: A building material consists essentially of an aqueous slurry of a dry residue obtained by treating a flue gas containing fly ash from a fossil fuel combustion chamber with a finely divided absorbent consisting at least primarily of calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate as mentioned in this paper.