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Patent

Method for correcting a 3D location measured by a tracking system assuming a vertical offset

TLDR
In this article, the tracking system records the 3D position of the survey tool, with angular offset errors, and the angular offset data is used to correct the position data, e.g. to reduce or eliminate errors caused by the angular displacement.
Abstract
Position measurements by a tracking system associated with a survey tool are corrected for tilt. The tracking station typically incorporates some offset from the surface across which a survey is conducted, and the offset will be subject to angular displacement as the tool tilts with respect to its normal orientation. The tracking system records the 3D position of the survey tool, with angular offset errors. In the disclosed examples, an inertia! measurement unit (IMU), a dual axis inclinometer or a combination of two single axis inclinometers measures the amount of angular offset. The angular offset data is used to correct the position data, e.g. to reduce or eliminate errors caused by the angular offset, e.g. from vertical. If the tool provides measurement data, e.g. GPR readings, processing of the measurement data from the survey tool uses the corrected position data, e.g. to produce images of sub-surface features or objects.

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Citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a method and apparatus for image-based positioning comprising capturing a first image with an image capturing device is described, where the first image includes at least one object.
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References
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Patent

GPS system and method for deriving pointing or attitude from a single GPS receiver

TL;DR: In this paper, a single-receiver pointing/attitude system using a single GPS receiver with multiple GPS antennas (a reference antenna and at least two slave antennas for pointing or three for attitude) is described.
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Measurement methods and apparatus

TL;DR: In this paper, a measurement device is provided that allows for determining distance, range and bearing of a target of interest relative to the position of the measurement device and is stored in memory.
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Robotic follow system and method

TL;DR: In this article, the rotational velocity and translational velocity are adjusted to avoid the nearest obstacle in front of the robot when the robot is blocked in front by a target bearing.
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Handheld surveying device and method

TL;DR: A handheld survey device includes a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver for receiving position information, a pointer to point to the location to be measured, a measuring device to measure the distance between the handheld device and the location, and a level and heading device to determine the level of a handheld device as discussed by the authors.
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Walking stick navigator for position determination

TL;DR: In this paper, a walking stick navigator (WSN) is equipped with a staff assembly similar in operation and appearance to a standard GPS survey instrument, and when GPS data is available, the AINS is aided by GPS data, and the surveyor manipulates the staff assembly like a standard GNSS survey instrument.