To evaluate the clinical and therapeutic value of 4 and 3 drug fixed dose combinations verses single drug formulations to treat pulmonary tuberculosis patients. The occurrence of adverse effects was also monitored. A total of 293 patients having sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis were enrolled (Male: 187 and Female: 106). Patients with renal, hepatic, diabetic, cardiac problem and pregnancy were excluded from study. Patients were randomly selected into three groups (A, B, C). Group A and B were given FDCs and group C was given single drug formulations. All patients received 4 drugs in the intensive phase and 3 drugs in the continuation phase. Group A showed the highest percentage of patients who achieved sputum conversion (98.9%). The numbers of days taken to achieve sputum conversion on average were the least for Group B (32 days). When comparing the adverse effects, the patients of Group C suffered the most, with 22 patients who vomited repeatedly, 3 complaining of itching, 2 with Jaundice and 1 dead. There was no significant difference in the efficacy among the three treatment regimens. However the side effects observed in all three groups strongly indicate that FDCs are safer for treating TB patients. There were no side effects in the continuation phase.

Modern management of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Clinical evaluation and monitoring of adverse effects for fixed multidose combination against single drug therapy in pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

Unusual conditions of the major and minor salivary glands

This chapter discusses mycobacterial and actinomycete infections. Mycobacteria are seen as 2–4 μm long, red, acid-alcohol-fast bacilli in a Ziehl–Neelsen stain. Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M. tuberculosis ) strains have abundant Wax D and lipids in the cell wall and multiply intracellularly and also extracellularly. Infection with mycobacteria leads to a delayed hypersensitivity type of immune response. M. tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis cause, respectively, human type and bovine type tuberculosis in man. Opportunist mycobacteria may also cause mycobacterial disease in man. Characteristically, primary tuberculosis occurs in childhood, consisting of a subpleural Ghon focus of infection, with associated regional infected lymph nodes in the mediastinum. Primary infection is usually accompanied by mild or no symptoms and is followed by spontaneous resolution. Many mycobacterial species survive for long periods in the soil, water, or dust and these species are known as the opportunist mycobacteria or environmental mycobacteria. Other synonyms include atypical or anonymous mycobacteria.

Modern management of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Citations

Clinical evaluation and monitoring of adverse effects for fixed multidose combination against single drug therapy in pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

Unusual conditions of the major and minor salivary glands

Mycobacterial and actinomycete infections