Journal ArticleDOI
Observability analysis and bad data processing for state estimation with equality constraints
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In this article, a factorization-based observability analysis and normalized residual-based bad-data processing are extended to state estimation with equality constraints, and the normalized residuals are calculated using the sparse inverse of the gain matrix.Abstract:
A factorization-based observability analysis and the normalized residual-based bad-data processing have been carried out for state estimation using the normal equation approach. The observability analysis is conducted during the process of triangular factorization of the gain matrix. The normalized residuals are calculated using the sparse inverse of the gain matrix. The method of Lagrange multipliers is applied to handle state estimation with equality constraints arising from zero injections, because of its better numerical robustness. The method uses a different coefficient matrix in place of the gain matrix at each iteration. The factorization-based observability analysis and normalized residual-based bad-data processing are extended to state estimation with equality constraints. It is shown that the observability analysis can be carried out in the triangular factorization of the coefficient matrix, and the normalized residuals can be calculated using the sparse inverse of this matrix. Test results are presented. >read more
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Network Observability: Theory
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TL;DR: In this article, a complete theory of network observability is presented, starting from a fundamental notion of the observability of a network, a number of basic facts relating to network observations, including unobservable states, observable branches, observable islands, relevancy of measurements, etc.
Journal ArticleDOI
Network Observability: Identification of Observable Islands and Measurement Placement
A. Monticelli,Felix F. Wu +1 more
TL;DR: Two algorithms are presented; one for testing the observability of a network and identifying the observable islands when the network is unobservable, and the other for selecting a minimal set of additional measurements to make the network observable.
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