On supreme sky god from the aspect of religious history and in prehistoric estonian material

TLDR: According to basic religious-phenomenological principles a supreme being resides in heaven or is the heaven, an omnipotent creator, who is often assigned the function of thunder, is called either Father or Grandfather, is sacrificed the primal offering, and has turned into deus otiosus.

Abstract: According to basic religious-phenomenological principles a supreme being resides in heaven or is the heaven, an omnipotent creator, who is often assigned the function of thunder, is called either Father or Grandfather, is sacrificed the primal offering, and has turned into deus otiosus. Comparative linguistics has revealed that the earliest conception of a BaltoFinnic and Estonian supreme god dates back to the Finno-Volgaic etymological stratum, to the Neolithic period (3rd millennium BC), in archaeological terms. This is evidenced by the Estonian word juma(l) ‘god’, which had formerly signified heaven, but also the Indo-European loan taevas ‘heaven’ in the Estonian language. The divergence of the con-ception of thunder god Uku or Ukko apparently took place in the 1st mil-lennium BC; this is also indicated by archaeological data. According to the 13th-century Henrici Chronicon Livoniae and other chronicles the thun-der god of the coastal Estonians has also been called Taara or Tooru, which may be a derivation of the Old