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Patent

Optical shaft angle encoder

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TLDR
In this paper, an optical comparator has three bifurcated and truncated lenses, each lens having two siamesed and truncate elements having closely spaced optical axes, resulting in an optical encoder having a low sensitivity to eccentricity errors.
Abstract
An optical comparator has three bifurcated and truncated lenses, each lens having two siamesed and truncated elements having closely spaced optical axes. This results in an optical encoder having a low sensitivity to eccentricity errors.

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Citations
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References
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Patent

Shaft angle encoder

TL;DR: In this paper, an optical shaft encoder consisting of a drum adapted to rotate with the shaft and having light transmissive slots is presented. Light from a source positioned within the drum passes radially through the slots, and is projected upon a slotted stator element positioned outside the drum.