Book ChapterDOI
Performance Improvement of Gain in Distributed Raman Amplifier Using Forward and Backward Pumps
S. Shameem,A. Sivasubramanian +1 more
- pp 221-227
TLDR
In this article, the gain and SNR of the amplifier are studied for different pumping schemes and found that the transmission performance is improved by operating on low pump power ratio which does not require any changes in the existing system.Abstract:
Optical amplifiers have played a revolutionary role in fiber communication systems from early 1990s itself. An optical signal can be amplified within the optical domain without converting to electrical domain using optical amplifiers in an inexpensive way without electronic regenerators. The fiber itself acts as the gain medium for distributed Raman amplifier. The working principle of Raman fiber amplifier is called stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), which is a nonlinear effect and it requires an optical power higher than a threshold of at least 500 mW [1]. An input signal can be amplified while traveling through the fiber in the same direction or in opposite direction with a pump wavelength of appropriate power. By carefully adjusting the forward and backward pump power, the transmission performance can be improved. In this paper, the gain and SNR of the amplifier are studied for different pumping schemes and found that the transmission performance is improved by operating on low pump power ratio which does not require any changes in the existing system.read more
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Raman amplification for fiber communications systems
TL;DR: In this article, the fundamental properties of gain from stimulated Raman scattering are discussed, and the merits of distributing Raman gain along a transmission fiber are explained, and other sources of noise that are particularly relevant for Raman amplifiers are summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ultrabroad-band Raman amplifiers pumped and gain-equalized by wavelength-division-multiplexed high-power laser diodes
Shu Namiki,Yoshihiro Emori +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a broad-band Raman amplifiers for wavelength division multiple-multiplexed (WDM) applications are discussed. And the design issues of this technique are developed to realize outstanding performances such as 100 nm of flat gain bandwidth, 0.1 dB flatness over 80 nm, and so forth.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evaluation of 100G DP-QPSK long-haul transmission performance using second order co-pumped Raman laser based amplification
TL;DR: The results show that whilst using co-pumping minimises the intra-cavity signal power variation and amplification noise, the Q factor penalty with co-Pumping was too great for any advantage to be seen.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Broadband flat-noise Raman amplifier using low-noise bidirectionally pumping sources
TL;DR: In this paper, an optimised bidirectional pumping scheme was proposed to realize a less than 0.7 dB flatness over C- and L-bands for both Raman gain and optical noise figure, simultaneously.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Long-Haul Transmission Performance Evaluation of Ultra-long Raman Fibre Laser Based Amplification Influenced by Second Order Co-pumping
TL;DR: In this paper, a transmission performance investigation using ultra-long Raman fiber laser based amplification with different co-pump power is presented, and the authors attribute Q2 factor degradation to RIN of co pump and induced fiber laser as well as increased SBS.