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Shape memory alloy rotary actuator

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TLDR
A rotary actuator which provides a differential pulley pair having a shape memory alloy wire is thermally cycled through its phase change transition temperature and contracts as discussed by the authors, and tension forces applied by the ends of the wires to opposite sides of the pulley pairs result in a net torque which causes relative rotation.
Abstract
A rotary actuator which provides a differential pulley pair having a shape memory alloy wire The shape memory alloy wire is thermally cycled through its phase change transition temperature and contracts Tension forces applied by the ends of the wires to opposite sides of the pulley pair result in a net torque which causes relative rotation between the pulley pair and a reference base The large mechanical advantage of the differential pulley converts a large force working through a small distance into a relatively large angular rotation

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Bistable shape memory effect thermal transducers

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