Studies on the potentiality of the pod borer helicoverpa armigera (hubner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) on soybean and its management

TLDR: Longer developmental periods (larval and pupal) and lower larval survival and adult emergence on resistant varieties suggest antibiosis mechanism of resistance.

Abstract: Experiments were carried out during kharif of 2012 and 2013 at the Zonal Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru. Among the 66 insects and two species of mites, the pod borer caused up to 48 per cent pod damage. The EIL for flower bud initiation, flowering, pod initiation, pod filling and all stages was computed as 0.182, 0.141, 0.179, 0.266 and 0.221larva/plant in 2012 and 0.180, 0.145, 0.128, 0.385 and 0.228 in 2013, respectively. Meanwhile, the stage of crop with minimum EIL showed maximum pod damage and yield loss in both the seasons. The field data on pod damage during 2012 and 2013 seasons indicated that, JS-93-05 (1.43 and 1.41 %) and JS-335 (2.54 and 3.04 %) were highly resistant to pod borer damage, while Vegetable soybean (47.37 and 33.27 %) scored as highly susceptible among 13 varieties. Whereas, remaining ten varieties were scored either as moderately resistant or moderately susceptible. The adverse effects of resistant genotypes were found on various food consumption and utilization indices and life-table parameters of pod borer. Longer developmental periods (larval and pupal) and lower larval survival and adult emergence on resistant varieties suggest antibiosis mechanism of resistance. Among the bio-rationals treatments, lower larval population under field conditions was recorded in NSKE and alternate application of NSKE and Bt. Remaining treatments were on par with each other on 1, 3 and 7 days after first and second spray. Significant differences were observed among the treatments with respect to the seed yield (g/10plants). Alternate application of NSKE and Bt treatment recorded significantly highest seed yield (151.60) followed by NSKE alone (140.93) and chlorpyriphos alone (134.65) during kharif 2012, whereas, during kharif 2013 the alternate application of HaNPV and NSKE recorded significantly highest seed yield (51.13) followed by NSKE (41.01) and Bt (45.34). August, 2015 Dr. N. G. Kumar Department of Agricultural Entomology (Major Advisor) University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore 560065 ̧ÉÆÃAiÀ iÁ CaÀgÉ ̈É1⁄4É aÉÄà ̄É oÉ°PÉÆaÉ¥Àð D«ÄðeÉgÀ (oÀ ̈ï£Égï) PÁ¬ÄPÉÆgÀPÀzÀ ̧ÁaÀÄxÀåð oÁUÀÆ CzÀgÀ ¤aÀðoÀuÉ aÉÄoÀ§Æ ̈ï μÁ À̧Ä ̄ÁÛ¤ ¥Àæ§AzsÀzÀ ̧ÁgÁA±À ¥ÀæAiÉÆÃUÀUÀ 1⁄4À£ÀÄß 2012 oÁUÀÆ 2013 £Éà aÀÄÄAUÁj£À°è ¥ÁæzÉÃ2PÀ PÀ ȶ ̧ÀA±ÉÆÃzsÀ£Á PÉ ÃAzÀæ, PÀ ȶ «±Àé«zÁ央AiÀÄ, UÁA¢ü PÀ ȶ «eÁÕ£À PÉ ÃAzÀæ, ̈ÉAUÀ1⁄4ÀÆj£À °è £ÀqȨ́ À ̄Á¬ÄvÀÄ. ̧ÉÆÃAiÀiÁ CaÀgÉ ̈É1⁄4É aÉÄà ̄É MlÄÖ 68 QÃl ¥Àæ s̈ÉÃzsÀ UÀ1⁄4À Ä oÁUÀÆ 2 £ÀÄ1 ¥Àæ s̈ÉÃzÀUÀ1⁄4ÀÄ s̈Á¢ü ̧À ÄvÀÛaÉ. PÁ¬Ä PÉ ÆgÀPÀaÀ Å ±ÉÃPÀ qÁ 48% gÀμÀÄÖ PÁ¬ÄUÀ1⁄4À £ÀÄß oÁ1⁄4ÀÄaÀiÁrvÀÄÛ. ««zs À ̈É1⁄4É oÀAvÀUÀ 1⁄4ÁzÀ oÀÆaÉÆUÀÄÎ ¥ÁægÀA©üPÀ , oÀÆ, PÁ¬Ä, ¥ÁægÀA©ü PÀ PÁ1⁄4À ÄPÀlÄÖaÀ oÁUÀÆ J ̄Áè oÀAvÀUÀ 1⁄4À°è 0.182, 0.141, 0.179, 0.266 aÀÄvÀ ÄÛ 0.221 aÀÄj ¥Àæwà VqÀUÀ1⁄4À °èzÁÝUÀ DyðPÀ £ÀμÀÖ GAmÁUÀÄaÀÅzÀÄ 2012 gÀ°è oÁUÀÆ 0.180, 0.145, 0.128, 0.385 oÁUÀÆ 0.228 aÀÄjUÀ1⁄4ÀÄ ¥Àæwà VqÀUÀ 1⁄4À°èzÁÝUÀ 2013 gÀ°è PÀ AqÀħA¢vÀÄ. CzÉà jÃw ̈É1⁄4ÉAiÀÄÄ PÀ ¤μÀÖ DyðPÀ £ÀμÀÖ oÀAvÀzÀ°è CvÀå¢üPÀ PÁ¬ÄUÀ 1⁄4À £ÀμÀÖ oÁUÀÆ E1⁄4ÀÄaÀj PÀ raÉÄAiÀiÁUÀÄaÀÅzÁV JgÀqÀÆ PÁ®aÀiÁ£ÀzÀ °è PÀ AqÀħA¢zÉ. ̧ÉÆÃAiÀiÁ CaÀgÉ AiÀÄ vÀ1⁄2UÀ 1⁄4ÁzÀ eÉ.J ̧ï-93-05 (1.43 aÀÄvÀ ÄÛ 1.41 %) aÀÄvÀ ÄÛ eÉJ ̧ï-335 (2.54% aÀÄvÀ ÄÛ 3.04%) PÁ¬ÄPÉÆgÀPÀ ̈sÁzÉUÉ CvÀå¢üPÀ ¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀ ±ÀQÛ oÉÆA¢gÀÄaÀÅzÁV JgÀqÀÆ PÁ®aÀiÁ£ÀzÀ °è PÀ AqÀħA¢zÉ. vÀgÀPÁj ̧ÉÆÃAiÀiÁ CaÀgÉ vÀ1⁄2AiÀÄÄ (47.37 aÀÄvÀ ÄÛ 33.27%) CvÀå¢üPÀ aÁV PÁ¬ÄPÉÆgÀPÀPÉÌ vÀÄvÁÛUÀÄaÀÅzÁV JgÀqÀÆ PÁ®aÀiÁ£ÀzÀ°è PÀ AqÀħA¢zÉ. G1⁄2zÀ 10 vÀ1⁄2UÀ 1⁄4ÀÄ aÀiÁzsÀå«ÄPÀ ¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀvÀé CxÀaÀ vÀÄvÁÛUÀÄaÀÅzÀÄ PÀ AqÀħA¢zÉ. ¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀvÀéaÀÅ1⁄4À î vÀ1⁄2UÀ 1⁄4ÀÄ, aÀÄj oÀÄ1⁄4ÀÄUÀ1⁄4À DoÁgÀzÀ ̧ÉÃaÀ£É aÀÄvÀÄÛ G¥ÀAiÀÄÄPÀÛvÉ aÉÄà ̄É PÉ lÖ ¥ÀjuÁaÀÄ GAmÁV PÁ¬ÄPÉÆgÀPÀzÀ fÃaÀPÉÆÃμÀÖPÀzÀ aÉÄà ̄É aÀåvÀåAiÀÄ PÀ AqÀħA¢zÉ. oÉZÁÑzÀ ̈É1⁄4ÀaÀ tÂUÉ ̧ÀaÀ ÄAiÀÄ (aÀÄj aÀÄvÀ ÄÛ PÉ ÆñÁaÀ ̧É Ü oÀAvÀ) aÀÄvÀÄÛ PÀ raÉÄ ¥ÀæaÀ iÁtzÀ aÀÄjUÀ1⁄4À G1⁄2aÀ Å aÀÄvÀ ÄÛ aÀAiÀÄ ̧ÀÌ QÃlUÀ1⁄4À oÉÆgÀ§gÀÄ«PÉ AiÀÄ aÉÄà ̄ÁUÀÄaÀ ¥ÀæwÃfÃaÀ GvÁàzÀPÀvÉ §UÉAiÀÄÄ ¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀ vÀ1⁄2UÀ 1⁄4À°è PÀ AqÀħA¢zÉ. ̈Éë£À PÀ μÁAiÀÄ 1A¥Àj1zÀ oÁUÀÆ ̈Éë£À PÀμÁAiÀÄ aÀÄvÀ ÄÛ ©.n. AiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¥ÀAiÀiÁðAiÀÄaÁV 1A¥Àj1zÀ vÁPÀ ÄUÀ 1⁄4À°è CvÀåAvÀ PÀ raÉÄ PÁ¬ÄPÉÆgÀPÀ zÀ aÀÄjUÀ1⁄2gÀ ÄaÀÅzÀ Ä PÀ AqÀħA¢zÉ. G1⁄2zÀ G¥ÀZÁgÀUÀ1⁄4À Ä ̧ÀaÀ iÁ£ÀaÁzÀ aÀÄjUÀ1⁄4À £ÀÄß oÉÆA¢zÀÝaÀÅ. ¥ÀAiÀiÁðAiÀÄaÁV ̈Éë£À PÀ μÁAiÀÄ aÀÄvÀ ÄÛ ©.n. AiÀÄ£ÀÄß 1A¥Àj1zÀ vÁPÀ ÄUÀ 1⁄4À°è Cw oÉZÀÄÑ ©ÃdzÀ E1⁄4ÀÄaÀj PÀ AqÀħA¢zÉ. EzÁzÀ £ÀAvÀgÀ ̈Éë£À PÀ μÁAiÀÄ aÀiÁvÀæ, PÉ ÆèÃgï¥sÉÊj¥sÁ ̧ï QÃl£Á±ÀPÀzÀ 1A¥ÀgÀ uÉAiÀÄ°è 2012 £Éà aÀÄÄAUÁj£À°è PÀ AqÀħA¢zÉ. DzÀgÉ , 2013 £Éà aÀÄÄAUÁj£À°è oÉZï.J. J£ï.¦.«. aÀÄvÀ ÄÛ ̈Éë£À PÀ μÁAiÀÄ ¥ÀAiÀiÁðAiÀÄaÁV 1A¥Àj1zÀ vÁPÀ ÄUÀ 1⁄4À°è oÉaÑ£À E1⁄4ÀÄaÀj PÀ AqÀħA¢zÉ. EzÁzÀ £ÀAvÀgÀ ̈É Ã«£À PÀμÁAiÀÄ aÀÄvÀ ÄÛ ©.n. aÀiÁvÀæ 1A¥Àj1zÀ vÁPÀ ÄUÀ 1⁄4À°è PÀ AqÀħA¢zÉ. DUÀ ̧ïÖ 2015 PÀ ȶ QÃl ±Á ̧ÀÛç « ̈s ÁUÀ, J£ï. f. PÀÄaÀiÁgï PÀ ȶ «±À é«zÁ央AiÀÄ, f.PÉ .«.PÉ., ¥Àæzs Á£À À̧®oÉUÁgÀgÀ Ä ̈ÉAUÀ1⁄4ÀÆgÀÄ 560 065