Journal ArticleDOI
Test-Takers' Strategic Behaviors in Independent and Integrated Speaking Tasks.
TLDR
This article investigated the strategic behaviors that test-takers reported using when responding to integrated and independent speaking tasks in an English oral proficiency test and found no relationship between the total number of reported strategic behaviors and total test scores regardless of task type.Abstract:
This study investigated the strategic behaviors that test-takers reported using when responding to integrated and independent speaking tasks in an English oral proficiency test [the Speaking Section of the Internet-based Test of English as a Foreign Language™ (TOEFL iBT)] and the relationship between test-takers’ strategic behaviors and their test scores. Each of 30 Chinese-speaking engineering students responded to two independent and four integrated speaking tasks and provided stimulated recalls about the strategies they used when performing each task. The integrated tasks elicited a wider variety of reported strategy use than did the independent tasks. Additionally, the integrated tasks were more alike with respect to reported strategy use than were the independent and integrated tasks. Overall, we found no relationship between the total number of reported strategic behaviors and total test scores, regardless of task type. Our finding that the more skills involved in a task, the greater the reported strategy use supports the inclusion of integrated tasks in oral proficiency tests. However, the relationships between strategy use, task type, and task performance are varied and complex.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Speaking Anxiety and Strategy Use for Learning English as a Foreign Language in Full and Partial English-Medium Instruction Contexts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Contextualizing Performances: Comparing Performances During TOEFL iBTTM and Real-Life Academic Speaking Activities
Lindsay Brooks,Merrill Swain +1 more
TL;DR: The authors compare test takers' performance on the TOEFL iBTTM and their performances during their real-life academic studies, and demonstrate that there are some overlapping and some distinct differences in their performances across contexts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Developing Communicative English Language Tests for Tourism Vocational High School Students
TL;DR: In this article, a research and development design was employed in this study with the primary target was to develop communicative English language tests for vocational high school students, and the main procedures in the development of the test include: identifying objectives, developing the test specification, developing communicative tests, analyzing the results of the preliminary tryout of the communicative test drafts, revising the Communicative test draft, trying out communicative text, and analyzing the result of the tryout.
Journal ArticleDOI
Toward a Dynamic, Multidimensional Research Framework for Strategic Processing
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors systematically examine the theoretical and empirical literature on strategic process to parse out current conceptual and methodological progress to inform new conceptual-and methodological approaches to investigating strategic processing.
Journal ArticleDOI
New and not so new methods for assessing oral communication
Gary J. Ockey,Zhi Li +1 more
TL;DR: Five tasks that are used to assess this construct of oral communication, which include oral proficiency interviews, paired/group oral discussion tasks, simulated tasks, integrated oral communication tasks, and elicited imitation tasks, are evaluated.
References
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Book
Discovering Statistics Using SPSS
Andy P. Field,Jeremy N.V. Miles +1 more
TL;DR: Suitable for those new to statistics as well as students on intermediate and more advanced courses, the book walks students through from basic to advanced level concepts, all the while reinforcing knowledge through the use of SAS(R).
Journal ArticleDOI
Theoretical bases of communicative approaches to second language teaching and testing
Michael Canale,Merrill Swain +1 more
Book
Learning strategies in second language acquisition
TL;DR: O'Malley and Chamot as discussed by the authors review the literature on learning strategies, describe and classify learning strategies in second language learning, and discuss why learning is affected in a positive manner when such strategies are used.
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Fundamental Considerations in Language Testing
TL;DR: This book explains how a general model for explaining performance on language tests Apologia et prolegomenon, a theoretical framework of communicative language ability, applies to language testing.
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Strategies in learning and using a second language
TL;DR: This chapter discusses strategy training for learners and the role of the teacher, and the impact of strategies-based instruction on speaking a foreign language.
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