Book ChapterDOI
The Adventures and Misadventures of Expansion in Eastern and Central Europe
Sambit Bhattacharyya
- pp 45-55
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TLDR
In this paper, the authors discuss the role of the Westphalian system in preserving the concert of Europe, an important institution that preserved peace in the continent for almost a century.Abstract:
This chapter covers the history of eastward expansion attempts by imperial Sweden and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It also covers the history of Russo-Turkic wars and expansionism by the Russian and Ottoman empires. The Crimean War between the Russian, Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian, British, and French empires receives special attention as this is a prime example of expansionism by the European empires in the dying days of the Ottomans. The chapter emphasises that one of the key motives of this conflict is to share the spoils of the disintegrating Ottoman Empire. In addition, this chapter examines the Napoleonic invasion of Russia and the broader Napoleonic wars. The defeat of Bonaparte initiated the concert of Europe, an important institution that preserved peace in the continent for almost a century. Finally, this chapter discusses the role of the Westphalian system in preserving peace under competing imperial interests.read more
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Book
Trade and Poverty: When the Third World Fell Behind
TL;DR: In this paper, a leading economic historian Jeffrey G. Williamson traces the great divergence between the third world and the West to this nexus of trade, commodity specialization, and poverty, and analyzes the role of specialization, de-industrialization and commodity price volatility with econometrics and case studies of India, Ottoman Turkey, and Mexico.
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Trade and Poverty: When the Third World Fell Behind
TL;DR: Williamson as mentioned in this paper traces the great divergence between the third world and the West to this nexus of trade, commodity specialization, and poverty, and demonstrates why the close correlation between trade and poverty emerged.
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Crimea: The Last Crusade
TL;DR: The Crimean War as mentioned in this paper was a war of religion, driven by a fervent, populist and ever more ferocious belief by the Tsar and his ministers that it was Russia's task to rule all Orthodox Christians and control the Holy Land.