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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

The Politics of (Non)Knowledge in the (Un)Making of Migration

Stephan Scheel
- 03 Feb 2021 - 
- Vol. 1, Iss: 2, pp 204382062198959
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TLDR
In this paper, a sociology of translation and treason is proposed to trace how records produced in border encounters are translated into not only migration facts, but also various forms of nonknowledge, and demonstrate the analytical potential of this approach, which is, to a significant extent, a result of the mistranslation of returned migrants in administrative records used for migration statistics.
Abstract
In the past decade, constructivist understandings of migration have gained momentum in migration studies. Scholars have shown how (some) people are enacted as ›migrants‹ when human mobility clashes with nation‐states’ claimed prerogative to control »the legitimate means of movement« (Torpey). Another body of scholarship has highlighted the crucial role played by knowledge practices in the enactment of migration as an intelligible object of government. However, these two lines of inquiry have largely been conducted independently of each other. To better account for how practices of border control affect the production of knowledge about migration and how the latter, in turn, informs practices and rationales of migration management, this article asks: How can we conceptualize and empirically investigate the relationship between enacting migration through knowledge practices and enacting migrants through practices of bordering? In response to this question, I propose a sociology of translation and treason in the tradition of the Actor‐Network Theory (ANT), which enables tracing how records produced in border encounters are translated into not only ›migration facts‹ but also various forms of nonknowledge. To demonstrate the analytical potential of this approach, I show how statistical knowledge about the ›deportation gap‹ – often invoked to justify ever‐more restrictive measures in the field of return policy – is, to a significant extent, a result of the mistranslation of returned migrants in administrative records used for migration statistics. \nZur Politik des (Nicht‐)Wissens in der Herstellung/dem Ruckgangigmachen von Migration \nIn den letzten Jahren haben konstruktivistische Ansatze in der Migrationsforschung an Bedeutung gewonnen. Zahlreiche Forscher*innen haben gezeigt, wie einige Subjekte zu Migranten gemacht werden, wenn Mobilitat mit dem von Nationalstaaten beanspruchten Recht kollidiert, »die legitimen Mittel der Bewegung« (Torpey) zu kontrollieren. Ein zweiter Forschungsbereich hat die Rolle von Wissenspraktiken bei der Konstitution von Migration als einem Objekt des Regierens aufgezeigt. Bislang wurden diese beiden Forschungsrichtungen zumeist unabhangig voneinander betrieben. Um besser zu verstehen, wie Praktiken der Grenzkontrolle die Produktion von Wissen uber Migration beeinflussen, und wie Letztere Praktiken und Logiken des Grenz‐ und Migrationsmanagements pragt, fragt dieser Artikel: Wie lasst sich die Beziehung zwischen der Konstituierung von Migration als einem Objekt des Regierens durch Wissensproduktion und die Konstitution von Migrant*innen durch Praktiken der Grenzkontrolle theoretisch denken und empirisch erforschen? Hierfur wird eine Soziologie der Ubersetzung und des Betrugs in Tradition der Akteur‐Netzwerk‐Theorie (ANT) vorgeschlagen. Dieser Ansatz erlaubt es zu untersuchen, wie administrative Daten, die Begegnungen zwischen mobilen Subjekten und Akteuren der Grenzkontrolle generiert werden, in Fakten bzw. in Nicht‐Wissen uber Migration ubersetzt werden. Um das analytische Potential dieses Ansatzes zu demonstrieren, zeige ich, wie statistisches Wissen uber den ›deportation gap‹, der haufig bemuht wird, um restriktivere Masnahmen im Bereich der Ruckkehrpolitik zu legitimieren, zu einem signifikanten Teil auf der Nicht‐Ubersetzung von remigierten Migrant*innen in administrative Daten beruht, die fur die Produktion von Migrationsstatistiken genutzt werden.

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References
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Some elements of a sociology of translation: domestication of the scallops and the fishermen of St Brieuc Bay

TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a scientific and economic controversy about the causes for the decline in the population of scallops in St. Brieuc Bay and the attempts by three marine biologists to develop a conservation strategy for that population.
Book

The Body Multiple: Ontology in Medical Practice

Annemarie Mol
TL;DR: The Body Multiple draws on medical anthropology, sociology, feminist theory, philosophy, and science and technology studies to reframe such issues as the disease-illness distinction, subject-object relations, boundaries, difference, situatedness, and ontology.
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After Method: Mess in Social Science Research

John Law
TL;DR: The authors argues that methods are always political and that they are involved in creating the social reality we want to understand and reason about, and they argue that many social reality is vague and ephemeral.
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The Making of the English Working Class

TL;DR: The main controversialists in the standard-of-living debate have come from the fringes of the established academic world, from areas remote from agreed courses and acceptable topics; their work, criticized as polemical, is certainly spirited, even aggressive as discussed by the authors.