Le jeu de mots " etre eleve " (sur la croix et en gloire) se trouve en 3, 14| 8, 28| 12, 32.34. Il se trouve aussi dans l'hebreu (NS') de Gen 40, 19 (mais pas dans la LXX) avec les riches connotations qu'evoque la racine et un echo significatif en Is 52, 13

FINDING CHRIST IN THE OLD TESTAMENT THROUGH THE ARAMAIC MEMRA, SHEKINAH, AND YEQARA OF THE TARGUMS Adam Joseph Howell, Ph.D. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, 2015 Chair: Dr. Russell T. Fuller This dissertation seeks to find Christ in the Old Testament by examining the targumic passages in which Memra, Shekinah, or Yeqara occur as God’s agent or manifestation. Chapter 1 demonstrates that scholars view the Memra, Shekinah, and Yeqara as agents for God or manifestations of God even though many scholars reject the notion of Christological implications found in the New Testament appropriation of these terms and concepts. Chapter 2 discusses the close connection between the targumic Memra, Shekinah, and Yeqara and the New Testament by citing clear instances where the New Testament authors appropriated targumic terms and concepts to speak of Jesus. By using targumic terms and concepts, the New Testament authors provided an exegetical method for finding Christ in the Old Testament through Targum. Chapter 3 examines the occurrences of Memra, presenting examples of passages that certainly refer to Christ, do not refer to Christ, and probably refer to Christ. In this chapter, the Memra refers to Christ or probably refers to Christ when the Memra functions as God’s agent, carrying out God’s work in the world. Chapter 4 investigates the occurrences of Shekinah and Yeqara, but under the influence of the New Testament, nearly all of the occurrences of Shekinah, and most occurrences of Yeqara refer to Jesus. Shekinah and Yeqara are delineated into categories of occurrences that refer to God’s manifestation and God’s manifestation with agency. Even though most occurrences of Shekinah and Yeqara refer to Christ, some occurrences of Yeqara are a literal translation of the Hebrew and do not refer to Jesus. Chapter 5 concludes the dissertation by tying several themes together to show the consistency and validity of finding Christ in the Old Testament through Aramaic terms and concepts. This dissertation argues that when the Memra, Shekinah, or Yeqara appear as God’s agent(s) or as manifestations of God, one may find Christ in those Old Testament passages. One may find Christ in these passages because the New Testament authors present Jesus as the premier agent and manifestation of God using targumic terms and

The Root of the Johannine Pun – 'ΥΨΩΘНΝАΙ

Finding Christ in the Old Testament Through the Aramaic Memra, Shekinah, and Yeqara of the Targums

LIFTED UP AND GLORIFIED: ISAIAH’S SERVANT LANGUAGE IN THE GOSPEL OF JOHN Adam Warner Day, Ph.D. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, 2016 Supervisor: Dr. Thomas R. Schreiner This project explores John’s portrait of Jesus in the Gospel of John and argues that John presents Jesus as the Servant of the Lord from Isaiah. The Servant is not the predominant Christological title in John, but it is an important aspect of Johannine Christology. Chapter 1 surveys various works on John’s use of the Old Testament in general, and John’s use of Isaiah specifically. While Isaiah is a major emphasis in John, there have only been two other monographs on John’s use of Isaiah. Furthermore, other works have noted a few allusions to the Isaianic Servant, but no other works have systematically studied the Isaianic Servant in the Gospel of John. Chapter 2 proposes several criteria necessary to identitying allusions to the Isaianic Servant, with allusions classified as clear, probable, and possible. Chapter 3 contains an exegetical discussion of the relevant Servant passages in Isaiah, along with a discussion of the literary context of each Servant song. There is an excursus on the Second Temple Literature, which indicates there is no evidence of a Suffering Messiah in that period. Chapter 4 analyzes two quotations to Isaiah and other clear allusions to the Servant songs in Isaiah. This chapter, along with subsequent chapters, explores the meaning and significance of each allusion for the literary context of John. Chapter 5 identifies probable allusions to the Servant, including the Greeks coming to see Jesus, light and darkness, and Jesus obeying the will of God. Chapter 6 analyzes possible allusions, which have some overlap with the Servant songs, but lack the criterion of uniqueness that would assist an interpreter in connecting John to Isaiah. Chapter 7 discusses the theme of the Isaianic New Exodus and the Servant’s role in initiating this new exodus. John’s description of Jesus utilizes the same characteristics of the Servant to portray Jesus as the Servant in Isaiah. Chapter 8 summarizes the previous chapters and analyzes the implications of the study along with areas for further research.

The Root of the Johannine Pun – 'ΥΨΩΘНΝАΙ

Citations

Finding Christ in the Old Testament Through the Aramaic Memra, Shekinah, and Yeqara of the Targums

Lifted up and glorified: Isaiah's servant language in the Gospel of John

‘lifting up’ in the fourth gospel

References

Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament

The New Testament and the Palestinian targum to the Pentateuch

The Aramaic Origin of the Fourth Gospel

On ‘lifting up’ and ‘exalting’.

The semitisms of the fourth gospel.