Two forms of 'mindlessness' in the borderline child

TLDR: The psycho-analytic therapist has always viewed trauma or traumatic phenomena as an integral part of normal psychological development, hence the therapist is well positioned to comment upon the apparently immutable effects of severe trauma upon the personality as mentioned in this paper.

Abstract: Psycho-analytic theory has always viewed trauma or traumatic phenomena as an integral part of normal psychological development, hence the psycho-analytical therapist is well positioned to comment upon the apparently immutable effects of severe trauma upon the personality. Freud addressed this issue at several points in his writings, with many of his ideas, old and new, culminating in the now famous metapsychological essay Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920).