What is Scientific management theory? Discuss the influence of the scientific management theory on modern organizational designs.?5 answersScientific management theory, pioneered by Frederick Taylor, emphasizes efficiency, standardization, and discipline in organizations. It involves applying scientific methods to optimize operations, initially focusing on tasks like bricklaying and metal cutting. Taylor's approach aimed to maximize prosperity for both employers and employees, challenging the belief in inherent conflicts of interest. Despite its success, scientific management has faced criticism for overlooking behavioral elements and non-quantifiable factors. In modern organizational designs, the theory's influence persists through its emphasis on systematic approaches, efficiency, and standardization, although its limitations in predicting complex business phenomena containing behavioral aspects are recognized. The theory's principles continue to shape management practices, albeit with adaptations to address the evolving complexities of contemporary organizations.
Who invented the control theory?4 answersControl theory, the mathematical foundation for altering the behavior of dynamical systems, has a history dating back around 185 years, with contributions from various scholars like Maxwell, Black, and Evans. John Hagan, along with colleagues, developed power-control theory to explain gender gaps in offending, integrating traditional control theories with measures of household power, particularly patriarchy, to understand crime and delinquency disparities. While Gottfredson and Hirschi's self-control theory emphasizes the role of low self-control in criminal behavior, attributing it to poor parental socialization and the inability to delay gratification. These theories collectively shed light on different aspects of control and power dynamics within systems, offering insights into behavior regulation and societal structures.
What is organization power according to John Galbraith ?5 answersJohn Galbraith's perspective on organizational power aligns with the broader understanding of power within organizations. Power is seen as a crucial element influencing relationships between leaders and employees. It is viewed as a resource held by individuals and departments, shaping organizational structures and interactions. In times of change, such as during the current pandemic, the exercise of power becomes essential to adapt operating procedures and navigate uncertainties. Power politics permeates all actions within an organization, serving as a means to influence and achieve desired outcomes. The influence of power and politics in organizations is highlighted as a normal aspect of intraorganizational relations, where power play and politics are inherent. Overall, organizational power, as perceived by John Galbraith, encompasses the dynamics of influence, adaptation, and strategic decision-making within the organizational context.
How does power affect the internal dynamics of an organization?5 answersPower within an organization has a significant impact on its internal dynamics. It affects how individuals acquire, maintain, and lose power over time. Power can be earned, lost, and retained through optimal management. The concept of power is complex and can manifest itself in various ways, such as leadership, culture, and relationships between supervisors and employees. Holding power can also have negative effects on an individual's perception of others, actions, and cognition, as well as their relationships, communication, and performance within the organization. Understanding the effects of power is crucial for organizations to diagnose and address any adverse consequences. Additionally, power within a competitive organization can have implications for knowledge, action, and performance, and it is important to measure and understand these dynamics.
What is demand control theory?5 answersDemand control theory is a concept that has been applied in various fields such as sign language interpreting and energy management. It involves the integration of methods and techniques to support individuals' well-being and manage energy consumption effectively. In the context of sign language interpreting, demand control theory focuses on the health problems faced by interpreters and aims to provide an integrative approach to support their needs. In the field of energy management, demand control theory refers to the suppression of energy consumption in heat source systems through the use of control devices. These devices receive demand signals and calculate the amount of energy to be suppressed, which is then used to determine the output of each heat source unit. By applying demand control theory, both the health and energy management sectors can benefit from improved support and efficiency.
How does power influence a structured decision making process?5 answersPower has a significant influence on the decision-making process. High-power individuals tend to take less time, adopt alternative-based strategies, rate tasks as easier, and report higher confidence and satisfaction with their decisions, especially under high-choice conflict and high-cognitive load conditions. Decision-making processes in organizations are affected by power influence, leading to a deoptimization of procedural characteristics and a decrease in qualitative parameters of decisions. Power also influences consumer decision strategies, with high-power individuals focusing on positive features and preferring choosing strategies, while low-power individuals focus on negative features and prefer rejecting strategies. Power level and social norms influence power decision-making behavior, with higher power individuals using more force and lower power individuals using more legitimacy to satisfy their needs. Decision power not only affects allocations but also alters fairness perceptions, with full decision power enhancing self-serving interpretations of fairness.