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Open accessProceedings ArticleDOI
Mohamed Ibrahim, Moustafa Youssef 
05 Jun 2011
95 Citations
This raises the challenge of accurately determining the cell phone location with very limited information, mainly the RSSI of the associated cell tower.
The proposed matching algorithm facilitates the use of large volumes of cell phone data in Intelligent Transportation Systems, in which accurate trajectories are desirable.
At the same time, the mobile phone app that has been developed offers a very robust instrument for social research which needs to track people's movement
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Muhammad Muaaz, Rene Mayrhofer 
08 Dec 2014
40 Citations
Gait authentication using a cell phone based accelerometer sensor offers an unobtrusive, user-friendly, and periodic way of authenticating individuals on their cell phones.
This suggests an emerging role for cell phone applications and platforms that enable both Internet and medical device connectivity where appropriate for managing chronic conditions. As a management tool, cell phones have the potential to become a standard of care in the field.
Second, cell phone IP addresses do not embed geographical information at reasonable fidelity, reducing the effectiveness of commercial geolocation tools used by websites for fraud detection, server selection and content customization.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Zhigang Liu, Anqi Zhang, Shaojun Li 
28 Jul 2013
47 Citations
This system uses android mobile phones as mobile terminal, which is more convenient and flexible than other kinds of like products since the owner can check and track the position of the car immediately with android mobile phone application once the car is stolen.
We show that the path a cell phone and its owner take from or to a known location can be determined from remote observations of changes in TCP throughput.
Compare to the state-of-the-art cell-phone usage detection, our approach obtains higher accuracy, is less time consuming and is independent to landmarking.
Surveying the U. S. cell phone population is possible, if at a higher cost than surveying their landline counterparts, and if with less precision than currently can be done surveying the landline population.
It does not require either cell-ID-to-physical-location mapping or the capability of obtaining multiple cell IDs on the phone simultaneously, and is able to run on virtually any mobile phone today.
Therefore, there is a need for a semi-automatic or automatic solution to detect driver cell phone usage.
Open accessProceedings ArticleDOI
Karsten Sohr, Tanveer Mustafa, Adrian Nowak 
21 Mar 2011
This way, the compromised mobile phone can be used as an eavesdropping device by an attacker.
Thus, owner/user will be able to continuously monitor a moving vehicle using the cell phone.
This research introduced the latest method of tracking and locating of client-based mobile phone which will eliminate the limitation of the build-in GPS phone.
In particular, to provide trustworthy location information, our mechanism uses the location of the phone as detected by the Mobile Network Operator instead of relying on the location detected by the phone itself, which can be manipulated.

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Are mobile money innovations successful in South Africa?
7 answers
Mobile money innovations in South Africa have shown a complex pattern of success and challenges, reflecting the nuanced landscape of financial inclusion and technological adoption in the region. The introduction of mobile money services, such as M-Pesa, has been pivotal in addressing financial exclusion by facilitating transactions and money transfers through mobile technology, especially in areas with limited formal banking services. Despite the potential and initial optimism, the transnational application of mobile money systems like M-Pesa has encountered difficulties, particularly in South Africa, where its adoption did not mirror the success seen in other sub-Saharan countries. Factors influencing the adoption of mobile financial services (MFS) among the bottom of the pyramid (BoP) group in South Africa include habit, performance expectancy, and uncertainty avoidance. This indicates a selective uptake based on perceived utility and familiarity with the technology. The disparity in the number of mobile phone users compared to fixed line users underscores the potential for mobile application growth, including mobile banking applications (mbapps), which have seen increased consumer interest. However, the rapid spread of mobile money in other parts of Africa, driven by low financial access and quick adaptation to local demand, contrasts with the more cautious and regulated approach observed in South Africa. Concerns around financial integrity and the susceptibility of mobile money to money laundering have also been highlighted, indicating regulatory challenges that need to be addressed to fully leverage mobile money for financial inclusion without compromising financial integrity. Despite these challenges, the demand for mobile money services remains, driven by the convenience and accessibility they offer, especially in underserved areas. However, the success of mobile money innovations in South Africa is also influenced by educational and income levels, which affect the likelihood of individuals adopting mobile banking solutions. In summary, while mobile money innovations hold promise for enhancing financial inclusion in South Africa, their success is tempered by regulatory, socio-economic, and behavioral factors that influence adoption and usage.
What is fixed automation?
5 answers
Fixed automation refers to the utilization of specialized equipment or machinery that is set up to perform specific tasks repeatedly without the need for manual intervention. This type of automation is characterized by its dedicated nature, where the equipment is designed to carry out a particular function or set of functions autonomously. Examples of fixed automation devices include automatic fixed devices for workpiece machining, fixed automatic lifting platforms, and fixed automatic chucks. These systems are engineered to streamline processes, enhance efficiency, and ensure consistent output quality. Fixed automation is known for its simplicity, reliability, and ability to operate in a fully automatic mode, making it ideal for tasks that require repetitive actions in various working environments.
What are the most common sleep patterns among college students?
5 answers
Among college students, various sleep patterns exist. A study in India found that most students had regular sleep cycles and good sleep quality, with only a quarter experiencing irregular patterns. Conversely, a study in the United States revealed that poor sleep regularity was prevalent, influenced by perceptions of peers' sleep habits and academic workload prioritization, leading to a vicious cycle of sleep deprivation and low productivity. Additionally, research in West Papua showed that late-night activities like gaming and social media led to poor sleep quality among students. Furthermore, a study focusing on sleep habits in college students identified distinct clusters based on bedtime, wake-up time, and consistency, with "early" sleepers having the best sleep quality. Overall, these studies highlight a range of sleep patterns among college students, from regular and good quality sleep to irregular patterns influenced by various factors.
What are the design considerations for a miniature watch in terms of functionality, aesthetics, and size constraints?
5 answers
Design considerations for a miniature watch encompass functionality, aesthetics, and size constraints. Functionality is crucial, requiring the integration of various features like an analog clock device, clock face with hour and minute hands, background face with a printed picture, and attachable miniatures. Aesthetics play a significant role, with the watch needing to be convenient for carrying, visually appealing, and unifying the mobile phone and wristwatch features. Size constraints are vital for wearables, emphasizing miniaturization, power efficiency, and suitability for the intended application. These considerations highlight the need for a balance between functionality, aesthetics, and size to create a successful miniature watch that is both practical and visually pleasing.
How does the integration of a mobile app enhance the functionality and usability of a weather monitoring system?
5 answers
The integration of a mobile app enhances the functionality and usability of a weather monitoring system by providing real-time access to weather data and forecasts. Mobile apps allow users to easily access information such as temperature, humidity, pressure, and rainfall predictions. Additionally, mobile apps can empower users to self-monitor their health conditions related to weather, like asthma and eczema, through personalized healthcare applications. Furthermore, the use of mobile apps enables users to receive notifications about changing weather conditions, allowing for timely decision-making to protect crops or plan daily activities. Overall, the integration of mobile apps with weather monitoring systems enhances accessibility, user engagement, and the overall effectiveness of weather-related decision-making processes.
Does country culture influence consumers' perceptions toward mobile banking? A comparison between Egypt and the United States?
5 answers
Country culture significantly influences consumers' perceptions towards mobile banking, as evidenced by various studies. Research comparing the U.S. and Thailand found that culture plays a crucial role in shaping perceptions of mobile banking adoption. Similarly, a study comparing French and New Zealand consumers highlighted cultural differences in perceptions of mobile payments, with negative views towards m-payments relative to other options. Moreover, a broader analysis incorporating multiple countries identified national culture, such as individualism and masculinity, as significant determinants of mobile banking adoption behavior. These findings underscore the impact of country culture on consumer attitudes towards mobile banking, suggesting that cultural nuances should be considered when designing and promoting mobile banking services in different regions.
What is explainable ai?
10 answers
Explainable AI (XAI) refers to the subset of artificial intelligence technologies and methodologies that are designed to make the decision-making processes of AI models transparent and understandable to humans. The primary goal of XAI is to bridge the gap between the high-level accuracy of AI models and the need for human interpretability, ensuring that the internal mechanics behind AI decisions can be explained in a comprehensible manner. This is particularly important in fields where AI's decisions have significant implications, such as healthcare, finance, and autonomous driving, where understanding the rationale behind an AI's decision is crucial for trust and accountability. The interest in XAI has surged due to its critical role in various application domains, where the need for transparency and interpretability cannot be overstated. Unlike traditional "black box" AI models, where the decision-making process is opaque and not easily understood, XAI aims to produce models that not only deliver accurate results but also provide insights into their reasoning process. This involves developing AI systems that can explain their decisions in a manner that is interpretable or understandable to humans, addressing key challenges in implementing AI ethics in practice. Research in XAI encompasses techniques for creating interpretable models, such as Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), which aim to provide clarity on how AI models arrive at their decisions. Moreover, XAI includes efforts to develop machine learning classification models based on expressive Boolean formulas, offering a balance between interpretability and complexity, and potentially enabling applications in areas like credit scoring and medical diagnosis. Furthermore, XAI is not limited to enhancing the transparency of AI models but also extends to improving the trust and reliability of AI/ML solutions by providing evidence-based explanations for their predictions, thereby addressing the issue of trust in adopting AI solutions. By applying XAI techniques to various domains, such as Android malware detection, researchers aim to demystify the decision-making processes of machine learning models, thereby fostering a greater understanding and acceptance of AI technologies. In summary, Explainable AI represents a crucial advancement in making AI technologies more transparent, accountable, and trustworthy, by ensuring that the rationale behind AI decisions is accessible and understandable to end-users and stakeholders across various fields.
How does the use of cellphones during clinical practice affect the focus and attention of medical interns?
5 answers
The use of cellphones during clinical practice can significantly impact the focus and attention of medical interns. Research indicates that distractions from phone calls can lead to decreased performance levels among medical students during objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE). Furthermore, late-night mobile usage has been associated with compromised sleep quality, leading to issues such as increased sleep latency, decreased sleep length, and daytime sleep disruptions among medical students. Despite policies prohibiting mobile device use, many students still choose to use them due to the perceived benefits outweighing the risks, influenced by a strategic approach to learning and a desire to conform to the practices of their medical teams. Therefore, minimizing distractions and promoting responsible mobile device usage are crucial in maintaining the focus and attention of medical interns during clinical practice.
What is the correlation between mobile gaming and academic performance among students?
5 answers
The correlation between mobile gaming and academic performance among students varies based on different factors. Studies show that mobile game addiction (MGA) negatively impacts academic performance and mobile self-efficacy among college students, highlighting them as an at-risk group for MGA. On the other hand, games-based learning, such as using Kahoot!, has been found to improve the motivation and performance of students, particularly in the second year of Economics degrees, indicating a positive impact on academic outcomes. Excessive smartphone use, including overuse and technoference, indirectly affects student performance, emphasizing the need for interventions to regulate behavior and promote hybrid learning models. While online gaming frequency has a minor impact on academic performance, educational games can positively engage students in critical thinking and problem-solving.
Which are the Effects of the Usage of Smartphones During Face-to-Face Conversations?
5 answers
The effects of smartphone usage during face-to-face conversations have been extensively studied. Research indicates that prolonged smartphone usage can negatively impact posture and respiratory functions. Additionally, the intrusive nature of smartphones can reduce the quality of social interactions and subjective well-being, leading to diminished satisfaction with friends for individuals who use smartphones. Moreover, the presence and use of mobile phones during interpersonal interactions can result in more negative perceptions of interactional partners, known as "phone snubbing" or "phubbing". Furthermore, high levels of smartphone addiction have been associated with difficulties in self-control, cognitive deficiencies, higher levels of fear of missing out, procrastination, and lower psychological well-being.
Why traditional security system is not safe?
4 answers
Traditional security systems are not always safe due to their historical focus on natural or accidental threats, neglecting intentional malicious acts that can compromise system integrity. This oversight leads to vulnerabilities that can be exploited, especially in complex critical infrastructures where safety and security are intertwined. Moreover, the growing complexity of modern systems, like automotive software, introduces new points of failure such as cyber attacks, emphasizing the need for integrated safety and security measures. Additionally, the limitations of traditional security monitoring methods, like poor stability and energy consumption, highlight the necessity for more advanced security systems, as seen in the development of Android-based security monitoring systems. Therefore, a shift towards integrated safety and security approaches is crucial to address the evolving threats faced by traditional security systems.