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Can you write a theoretical frameork of mechanics of curved beams with references cited in apa? 


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A theoretical framework for the mechanics of curved beams has been developed in several papers. Barretta et al. investigated the size-dependent static behavior of curved elastic nano-beams using stress-driven nonlocal continuum mechanics . Piovan and Cortínez developed a theoretical model for the generalized linear analysis of composite thin-walled curved beams, incorporating full shear deformability and different constitutive hypotheses . Yang reviewed the theories of buckling for horizontal curved beams and proposed the use of straight beam elements, referred to as semitangential elements, for predicting buckling loads . Ke summarized progress on curved beam elements and demonstrated that straight beam elements can be used in the nonlinear analysis of curved beam structures . Rajasekaran and Padmanabhan formulated the equations for thin-walled curved beams using the principle of virtual work and compared their results with other theories .

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The paper formulates the equations of curved beams using the principle of virtual work and compares them with existing theories.
The paper summarizes progress on curved beam elements and argues that straight beam elements can be used in the nonlinear analysis of curved beam structures.
The paper presents a theoretical framework for the mechanics of curved beams using stress-driven nonlocal continuum mechanics.
A new theoretical model is developed for the analysis of composite thin-walled curved beams, incorporating shear deformability and different constitutive hypotheses.

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