When did the slave trade in the cape start?5 answersThe slave trade in the Cape started during the establishment of the Cape Colony by the Dutch East India Company (DEIC) in the 1650s. The basic vectors of the Cape slave trade were influenced by the rivalry between the Dutch West India Company and the Dutch East India Company (VOC) until 1792. French merchants further developed a systemic trade in slaves to and around the Cape of Good Hope in the 1780s. The formal integration of the Cape of Good Hope into Dutch East India Company trading networks in the seventeenth century led to the practice of slavery becoming a key feature of the Cape Colony. These historical events highlight the early origins and development of the slave trade in the Cape region.
How has colonial law influenced the legal systems of former colonies?5 answersColonial law has had a significant impact on the legal systems of former colonies. In many cases, imported colonial legal systems coexisted with traditional legal orders applicable to the indigenous population. The connection between colonialism and Western legal systems has been explored, highlighting the structural injustices created and perpetuated by this relationship. The distribution of common law and French civil law in colonies was influenced by factors such as precolonial population density and settler mortality, leading to different legal outcomes. The historical impact of the British Empire can still be felt today, with colonial criminal laws remaining intact in many former colonies and being used to infringe human rights and restrict constitutional freedoms. As formerly colonized states continue the process of decolonization, courts are urged to consider the colonial origin of laws when assessing their validity under native constitutions.
What is the political system in south africa during Apartheid with the colonization of British?4 answersThe political system in South Africa during Apartheid with the colonization of British was characterized by racial segregation and discrimination. The Apartheid regime, which began in the 1940s, enforced strict laws that separated the white minority population from the majority black population. The British government faced a dilemma during this time, as it repudiated apartheid laws but maintained an ambiguous stance towards the South African government. The post-apartheid government, after the end of apartheid in 1994, transitioned to a democratic system with a focus on ensuring freedom of speech, a just society, and a transparent political system. The political culture and structure of roles' interactions underwent significant changes, leading to a shift from a pre-industrialized/totalitarian system to a Continental European one. The fight against apartheid and the struggle for justice in South Africa received international support and solidarity from various communities, including black communities in Britain.
How has the Kimberley Process been able to help the diamond industry?5 answersThe Kimberley Process has been able to help the diamond industry by implementing measures to reduce the trade of conflict diamonds and provide certification for the global diamond trade. It has facilitated access to international markets for rough diamonds and increased trade values. The impact of the Kimberley Process on trade does not depend on the exporters' economic development or market access. Additionally, the process has intensified trade impediments resulting from armed conflicts, thereby reducing the international trade in rough diamonds from countries with ongoing internal conflicts. The effects of the Kimberley Process apply not only to major trade partners but also to smaller ones. However, it is important to note that the effectiveness of the Kimberley Process in resolving conflicts autonomously is limited.
How has community psychology been shaped by colonial perspectives within the South African context?5 answersCommunity psychology in the South African context has been shaped by colonial perspectives. The history of community psychology has traditionally focused on U.S. contributions, silencing the voices and knowledge from people of color in Africa and other parts of the Global South. However, there is a growing movement to challenge coloniality and decolonize community psychology. This includes efforts to integrate decoloniality into the curriculum and pedagogy, as well as to unmask hegemonic assumptions and create space for decolonial theory and practice. The decolonial turn in psychology has re-centered critical projects within the discipline, particularly in the Global South, and offered possibilities for the (re)articulation and expansion of knowledge production. It is argued that engagement with Africa's multiple knowledge archives, including Black Consciousness philosophy, can contribute to the decolonization of community psychology and the development of liberatory enactments.
How was the colonization of Africa?5 answersA colonização da África foi resultado da relação desigual entre a África e o Ocidente, particularmente a Europa, durante a era colonial. O colonialismo na África foi caracterizado pelo sistema extrativo que permitiu às corporações ocidentais saquear os recursos da África, criar novos mercados para a revolução industrial da Europa e deslegitimar as inovações e os sistemas de conhecimento indígenas africanos. Esse sistema extrativo empobreceu sistematicamente o continente, consolidou a dependência da África de seus colonizadores e enriqueceu o Ocidente. A colonização da África também foi impulsionada por atores não estatais que empurraram os estados europeus para a colonização formal, destacando o papel destrutivo da sociedade mundial na política internacional. A mudança das relações comerciais para a conquista e controle coloniais no século XX resultou na perda da independência, soberania e instituições sociopolíticas e econômicas da África para a Europa. A colonização da África envolveu o uso de canhoneiras pelas potências europeias para apreender navios negreiros e intimidar os reis africanos até a submissão.