Why the inside of glass bottle break?4 answersThe inside of a glass bottle can break due to various reasons. When a glass bottle is filled with a non-carbonated, high vapor pressure fluid and struck hard, the rapid acceleration creates low pressure at the bottom, leading to the formation of cavitation bubbles that collapse, causing the bottle to break. Additionally, a device for testing bottle cracking ensures safe observation of the bottle's test condition, preventing spillage and enhancing test quality while reducing costs. Furthermore, a bottle mouth breaker facilitates controlled breaking of the bottle mouth for specific purposes. In the production process, a glass bottle mold with effective heat dissipation mechanisms prevents stress-induced cracks or breakage in glass bottles by ensuring timely cooling of the interiors.
What is the influence of air humidity on bioactive glasses?5 answersAir humidity plays a crucial role in the behavior and properties of bioactive glasses. Studies have shown that the reactivity and bioactivity of bioactive glasses can be influenced by air humidity levels. Research has indicated that the surface reactivity of bioactive glass may decrease slowly when stored under normal room conditions due to the influence of air humidity. Additionally, the quality of glass-to-silicon bonding is affected by air relative humidity, with high bonding yield requiring optimal air humidity levels. Furthermore, the short-term aqueous interactions of bioactive glasses, such as Bioglass® 45S5, have been investigated under variable humidity conditions, showcasing the correlation between vapour sorption rates and bioactivity potential. Overall, maintaining appropriate air humidity levels is essential for preserving the bioactivity and reactivity of bioactive glasses.
What is bioactive glasses ?5 answersBioactive glasses are non-equilibrium, non-crystalline materials designed to induce specific biological activity, containing at least one crystalline phase within a glassy matrix. They have diverse clinical applications, including bone and soft tissue repair, orthopedics, dentistry, wound repair, and drug delivery for combating pathogens and cancers. These glasses exhibit high biocompatibility, antimicrobial features, and bioactivity within the body, similar to bone hydroxyapatite in calcium and phosphate content. Bioactive glasses can accelerate skin regeneration by enhancing angiogenesis and collagen deposition, aiding in wound healing stages, and forming a calcium-phosphate-like layer on hard tissues to promote bone regeneration. Their ability to incorporate various biologically active elements allows for targeted therapeutic ion release, making them effective in healing hard-to-heal wounds.
What is the effect of the addition of cobalt on the properties of bioactive 45S5 glasses?4 answersThe addition of cobalt to bioactive 45S5 glasses has been shown to have several effects on their properties. Cobalt-doped glasses have been found to exhibit pro-angiogenic effects, promoting the formation of new blood vessels. The release of cobalt ions from these glasses stimulates the expression of angiogenesis-related genes, such as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α). The structural properties of the glasses, such as network connectivity and biodegradation rate, are influenced by the coordination number of Co2+ ions. The incorporation of cobalt into the glass network does not negatively affect the viability of cells and can stimulate the formation of tubes by endothelial cells. Overall, the addition of cobalt to bioactive 45S5 glasses enhances their angiogenic potential and makes them promising materials for tissue engineering applications.
ISO-10993-5 bioactive glass5 answersBioactive glasses are mentioned in multiple abstracts. Deng et al. discuss aluminoborate and alumino-borosilicate glass compositions with solid or hollow microspheres for use in bioactive applications and wound healing. Hill et al. describe a bioactive glass composition containing SiO2, P2O5, and fluoride, which can be used in dental applications such as toothpaste. Rao and Ravindranadh mention bioactive glasses as novel dental materials composed of calcium and phosphate, similar to bone hydroxyapatite, with a wide range of applications including bone grafts. Sun et al. provide a method for manufacturing crystallized glass using a bioactive glass composition containing CaO, SiO2, P2O5, MgO, and CaF2, with various additives to control bio-activation and other properties. Unfortunately, none of the abstracts specifically mention ISO-10993-5, so further research may be needed to find information on bioactive glass in relation to this standard.
Does crystallization cause the bioactive glass nanofibers to break?5 answersCrystallization of bioactive glass nanofibers can cause them to break. The majority of bioactive glass compositions do not support prolonged or repeated heat treatments, as these procedures often result in uncontrolled crystallization, which degrades their mechanical properties. However, by adjusting the composition of the bioactive glass, special products such as fibers and porous implants can be manufactured without crystallization. The primary crystalline phase in crystallization plays a significant role in the stability of the glass at high temperatures. Bioactive glasses showing sodium-calcium-silicate crystallization are sensitive to high temperature processing, while glasses showing wollastonite crystallization have better stability. Therefore, it is important to carefully control the crystallization process to prevent the breakage of bioactive glass nanofibers.