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Does epidural anaesthesia or increased cortisol levels affect oxytocin levels more? 


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Epidural anesthesia and increased cortisol levels have distinct impacts on oxytocin levels. Research indicates that epidural analgesia can influence oxytocin release. Additionally, cortisol administration has been shown to induce both decreases and increases in oxytocin levels, with the cortisol-induced increase in oxytocin associated with specific effects on memory and stress responses. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated that epidural analgesia can inhibit the increase in cortisol levels observed under general anesthesia. Overall, while epidural anesthesia can affect oxytocin release and cortisol levels, cortisol administration can lead to complex interactions with oxytocin levels, influencing memory and stress responses.

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Epidural analgesia inhibits cortisol increase, impacting endocrine responses. Oxytocin levels are not addressed in the study. Therefore, the effect of epidural anesthesia on oxytocin levels remains unknown.
Epidural anesthesia affects oxytocin levels more than increased cortisol levels during breastfeeding, as it reduces oxytocin release and maternal adaptations, impacting breastfeeding initiation.
Increased cortisol levels have a greater impact on oxytocin levels compared to epidural anesthesia, as cortisol administration induced both a decrease and an increase in oxytocin levels.
Epidural anesthesia slightly reduces maternal cortisol levels during labor, while oxytocin administration is associated with lower cortisol levels, independent of epidural use.

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How do high levels of cortisol and adrenaline affect fetal development during pregnancy?5 answersHigh levels of cortisol during pregnancy have been associated with adverse effects on fetal development. Research suggests that elevated maternal cortisol levels can lead to postpartum depressive symptoms, low birth weight, and lower weight for length/height z-score in infants. Additionally, cortisol exposure can impair trophoblast function and angiogenic pathways, affecting cell migration and tube-like structure formation. The equilibrium between cortisol and progesterone is crucial for maternal immune tolerance and pregnancy success; disruptions in this balance, such as increased cortisol due to stress, can lead to intrauterine inflammation and pregnancy complications. Furthermore, high maternal cortisol levels have been linked to shorter pregnancy duration and an increased risk of preterm delivery, particularly in women carrying male fetuses. These findings highlight the significant impact of elevated cortisol levels on fetal development and pregnancy outcomes.
Can oxytocin administration increase inflammation?5 answersOxytocin administration has shown anti-inflammatory effects in various studies. Research indicates that oxytocin can reduce inflammation by decreasing cytokine levels, inhibiting leukocyte accumulation, and diminishing markers of systemic inflammation. In murine models of obesity, chronic oxytocin treatment led to a reduction in adipose tissue inflammation and systemic inflammation markers. Additionally, in an air pouch model of inflammation, oxytocin significantly decreased exudate volume, leukocyte accumulation, and angiogenesis, showcasing its anti-inflammatory properties. Moreover, in adult male rats, oxytocin administration decreased proinflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and atherosclerosis progression by upregulating oxytocin receptors and reducing inflammatory markers. These findings collectively suggest that oxytocin administration can actually decrease inflammation through various mechanisms.
Is artificially increased cortisol level the same as stress induced cortisol?5 answersArtificially increased cortisol levels and stress-induced cortisol differ in their effects on memory consolidation and retrieval. Stress can modulate memory processes, with acute stress potentially enhancing memory consolidation while not significantly affecting memory retrieval. On the other hand, post-encoding stress, such as cold pressure stress, can negatively impact the consolidation of contextual elements of episodic memories by impairing context memory. While stress-induced cortisol increase can impair memory consolidation, artificially increasing cortisol levels may not have the same impact on memory functions. The distinct effects of stress-induced cortisol and artificially increased cortisol levels highlight the complex relationship between stress, cortisol, and memory processes, emphasizing the need for further research to fully understand these mechanisms.
Are there any change of plasma oxytocin levels in human estrous cycle?5 answersPlasma oxytocin levels in the human estrous cycle exhibit variations influenced by different factors. Research shows that oxytocin secretion into pituitary portal plasma increases with ovarian steroids, PRL, and suckling stimulus. During the menstrual cycle, small variations in oxytocin levels were observed, with no mid-cycle surge, and a parallel variation with estradiol levels in some women. Exogenous oxytocin administration in ewes during the estrous cycle led to significant rises in plasma PGFM concentrations, indicating increased responsiveness of the uterine-PGF secretory system to oxytocin towards the end of the cycle. Vaginal stimulation induced greater elevations in oxytocin levels near estrus and during the early luteal phase, suggesting a cyclic variation influenced by endogenous ovarian hormones. Overall, oxytocin levels fluctuate during the human estrous cycle due to hormonal changes and external stimuli.
What are the effects of oxytocin on work performance?4 answersOxytocin has been found to have various effects on work performance. In individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), oxytocin improved working memory performance and increased connectivity between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and anterior cingulate. In musicians with music performance anxiety (MPA), a single dose of oxytocin improved facial emotion recognition, specifically in the recognition of happiness. However, oxytocin administration had an adverse effect on the choice for forming groups in the presence of a competitive environment, reducing the willingness to work collaboratively. Oxytocin also enhanced performance monitoring specifically for social mistakes, indicating a role in salience attribution to social cues. The effects of oxytocin on work performance may be influenced by individual factors such as PTSD, MPA, and the social context in which the work is performed.
Can vagus nerve stimulation effect cortisol?5 answersVagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been shown to have an effect on cortisol levels. Studies have suggested that VNS therapy can suppress the production of proinflammatory cytokines, including cortisol, which are associated with depressive illness. Additionally, a study found that low vagal function, which can be improved through VNS, is associated with an increase in cortisol in response to stress. However, another study investigating the effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) did not find an increase in cortisol levels with taVNS compared to sham stimulation. Overall, while VNS therapy and vagal function have been linked to cortisol levels, the specific effects of VNS on cortisol may vary depending on the method of stimulation and the context in which it is applied.

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