How are trityls used as spin labels in EPR biology?
Best insight from top research papers
Trityls are used as spin labels in EPR biology to study biomolecular structures and dynamics. They are combined with site-directed spin labeling (SDSL) and pulsed dipolar EPR spectroscopy (PDS) techniques. Trityl spin labels have advantages over other labels, such as gem-dimethyl-nitroxide, as they enable studies at room temperature, within cells, and with single-frequency EPR experiments . However, previous trityl spin labels had limitations, including low labeling efficiencies, unspecific labeling, and label aggregation . To overcome these issues, new trityl spin labels have been developed, such as Ox-SLIM and SLIM, which are highly hydrophilic, resistant under in-cell conditions, and allow for selective and efficient spin labeling via cysteines . These new spin labels have been shown to provide highly sensitive distance measurements and accurate spin-counting in multitrityl radical compounds . Overall, trityl spin labels offer a powerful tool for structural biology studies in a variety of biological systems.
Answers from top 5 papers
More filters
| Papers (5) | Insight |
|---|---|
| Trityls are used as spin labels in EPR biology for site-directed spin labeling (SDSL) of proteins and oligonucleotides, allowing structural studies at room temperature and within cells. | |
7 Citations | Trityl radicals are used as spin labels in EPR biology to determine oligomeric states in protein complexes in their native environment. |
32 Citations | Trityls are used as spin labels in EPR biology to measure long distances in biological systems. The OX063 TAM derivative is a promising and efficient reagent for side-directed spin labeling of proteins. |
| Trityls are used as spin labels in EPR biology by derivatizing them with a maleimide-functionalized methylene group to create a trityl spin label called SLIM, which enables highly sensitive distance measurements and shows high stability against reduction. | |
| Trityls are used as spin labels in EPR biology to study biomolecular structures at room temperature and within cells using pulsed dipolar electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (PDS) combined with site-directed spin labelling. |
Related Questions
How do triacylglycerols function in plant cells?5 answersTriacylglycerols (TAGs) function in plant cells by serving as a cellular protective mechanism against the accumulation of toxic lipid intermediates, such as polyunsaturated free fatty acids, under adverse environmental conditions. TAGs also play a role in the regeneration of membranes after stress cessation by storing substrates required for membrane synthesis. Additionally, TAG accumulation in vegetative tissues is induced by environmental stresses and helps plants cope with abiotic stress by sequestering toxic lipid intermediates. TAGs are enclosed in lipid droplets (LDs) and plastoglobules (PGs), which capture toxic lipid intermediates and contribute to plant tolerance to environmental stresses. Furthermore, LDs in which TAGs are enclosed serve as subcellular factories for the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds that protect against insects and fungi. Overall, TAGs play a crucial role in lipid remodeling, membrane protection, and stress tolerance in plant cells.
How can fructosamine-kinase-3 small molecule NMR mass spectrometry be used to study the function of the protein?3 answersFructosamine-3-kinase (FN3K) is an enzyme that phosphorylates fructosamines on their third carbon, leading to their destabilization and removal from proteins. Mass spectrometry can be used to study the binding of compounds of interest to proteins or receptors, as well as to determine the reaction constants of enzymes. FN3K has been purified and characterized, and it appears to play a role in deglycation of nonenzymatically glycated proteins by phosphorylating fructoselysine residues to fructoselysine-3-phosphate (FL3P), which then spontaneously decomposes, reversing the nonenzymatic glycation process. NMR analysis has shown that FN3K can phosphorylate psicosamines and ribulosamines, leading to their destabilization and removal from proteins. Therefore, fructosamine-kinase-3 small molecule NMR mass spectrometry can be used to study the function of the protein by analyzing the binding of compounds of interest, determining reaction constants, and studying the deglycation process of nonenzymatically glycated proteins.
How has fructosamine-kinase-3 small molecule NMR mass spectrometry been used to study the structure of the protein?4 answersFructosamine-3-kinase (FN3K) and its related protein (FN3K-RP) have been studied using small molecule NMR mass spectrometry to understand their structure and function. FN3K and FN3K-RP are enzymes responsible for the removal of fructosamines from proteins. FN3K-RP has been shown to phosphorylate psicosamines and ribulosamines, while FN3K phosphorylates fructosamines. The phosphorylation of fructosamines by FN3K leads to their destabilization and removal from proteins, reversing the nonenzymatic glycation process. The lability of the phosphorylated products and the high affinity of FN3K for fructosamines suggest that FN3K functions as a deglycation enzyme. The use of small molecule NMR mass spectrometry has allowed for the characterization of small molecule interactions with both small and large proteins, providing insights into protein-ligand interactions. Overall, the combination of small molecule NMR and mass spectrometry techniques has been instrumental in studying the structure and function of FN3K and FN3K-RP.
How does NMR spectroscopy help to understand the structure and function of fructosamine-kinase-3?3 answersNMR spectroscopy plays a crucial role in understanding the structure and function of fructosamine-kinase-3 (FN3K). NMR experiments and hardware advancements have made it possible to elucidate carbohydrate structures, including glycans, which are substrates for FN3K. NMR experiments such as selective excitations, tilted projections of multidimensional spectra, and pure shift correlated spectra aid in reducing spectral overlap and obtaining detailed structural information of glycans. Additionally, NMR analysis has shown that FN3K-RP, an enzyme related to FN3K, can phosphorylate psicosamines and ribulosamines, leading to deglycation and removal of fructosamine residues from proteins. The identification of fructosamine 3-kinase in erythrocytes has revealed an intracellular metabolism of fructosamines, and NMR spectroscopy has been instrumental in studying the enzymatic activity and function of FN3K. Overall, NMR spectroscopy provides atomic resolution insights into the structure and function of FN3K and its role in glycans and fructosamine metabolism.
What carbon labels are important?5 answersCarbon labels that enable comparisons between product groups and not just within narrowly defined product groups are important for consumers to identify changes in consumption that contribute to significant reductions in their climate impact. Consumers' attitudes and intentions towards purchasing a product are impacted by their evaluation of the carbon label, including perceptions regarding accuracy, sincerity, and ease of understanding. A carbon label conveying the amount of carbon emitted throughout a product's life cycle would make it easier for consumers to compare the environmental impact of foods. The degree of trust and understanding of the carbon label positively influences consumers' willingness to pay a premium for carbon-labeled products. Carbon labels, such as the Traffic Light Label, have been shown to result in lower overall CO2e emissions and the purchase of more environmentally friendly food products.
What are the applications of triplet state aromaticity?2 answersTriplet state aromaticity has various applications. It has been proposed as a strategy for designing functional organic electronic compounds, particularly polycyclic aromatic systems. Triplet state aromaticity can also be used as a general tool for the design of molecular switches. Additionally, the substituent effect on benzene's structure and aromaticity in the first triplet excited state has been explored, which could potentially allow for the control of benzene's physicochemical behavior in its excited state. Furthermore, the relationship between the structure of polybenzenoid hydrocarbons (PBHs) and their spin-density distribution and aromatic character in the first triplet excited state has been studied, leading to the development of guidelines for predicting the electronic properties of excited-state compounds. Overall, triplet state aromaticity has implications in the design of functional organic compounds, molecular switches, and the control of benzene's behavior in its excited state.