How will the ontology of learning change in the era of generative AI?5 answersIn the era of generative AI, the ontology of learning is expected to evolve significantly. Ontologies need to be adaptable to handle evolution, revision, and refinement. A foundational and generative ontology based on graph structures can provide a formal language for ontological concepts. To efficiently expand learned concepts to new domains, a computational model can couple new forms of concepts with past forms in an embedding space, enabling continual learning. Automatic adaptation methods are crucial for relieving ontology engineers from manual interventions, allowing them to focus on high-level inspection. Additionally, learning ontological concepts from text can support continual mutual bootstrapping of learners and semantic analyzers, addressing knowledge acquisition bottlenecks in AI. These advancements suggest that the ontology of learning will become more dynamic, adaptive, and efficient in the era of generative AI.
Why is the ontology of a study important/?5 answersThe ontology of a study is crucial as it provides a structured framework for understanding the nature of the subject matter being studied. It helps in systematizing entities involved in the research process, forming a skeleton that guides the design procedures and operations. In drug development, understanding the ontology of toxicity mechanisms, especially hepatotoxic processes, is vital for evaluating and managing drug safety effectively. Moreover, in fields like government studies and mathematics, ontology plays a key role in defining the essence of the subject, guiding paradigm shifts, and addressing fundamental questions about the existence and nature of objects under study. Overall, ontology enhances clarity, consistency, and effectiveness in research by providing a philosophical basis for exploring the existence, nature, and relationships within a particular field of study.
How do food supplements impact nutritional status and overall health outcomes in children with CKD?8 answersFood supplements have shown varying degrees of impact on the nutritional status and overall health outcomes in children with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Oral protein-based nutritional supplements, for instance, have been associated with a higher mean change in serum albumin and may improve serum prealbumin and mid-arm muscle circumference, indicating a potential positive impact on nutritional status. Similarly, intradialytic oral nutrition in the form of protein bars or meals has been well-tolerated in children and adolescents undergoing hemodialysis, with the majority reporting feeling better post-consumption, albeit with minimal adverse effects. Zinc supplementation, another form of nutritional intervention, has shown benefits for nutritional status in CKD children, particularly with higher doses leading to improvements in body mass and normalization in BMI Z-score.
However, the relationship between nutritional status and health outcomes such as health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is complex. For example, HRQoL scores in children with CKD were found to be lower than in healthy controls and were associated with short stature and poor appetite, but not directly with markers of obesity or micronutrient status. Intradialytic parenteral nutrition (IDPN) has been proposed as an effective method for preventing and treating malnutrition in children with CKD, showing significant improvements in height Z-score, lean tissue mass, and serum albumin.
Despite these interventions, protein energy wasting remains a challenge in CKD patients, with nutritional supplementation being one of the effective strategies to replenish protein and energy stores. However, excessive intake of certain nutrients, such as vitamin C, may contribute to adverse outcomes like oxalate accumulation. Nutraceuticals, including fatty acids, fiber, and certain plant-derived compounds, have shown potential in exerting beneficial effects on inflammatory pathways and renal disease progression. Comprehensive nutritional assessment is crucial for guiding dietary prescriptions in children with kidney diseases, and specialized nutritional support, including IDPN, has been utilized to address malnutrition in children receiving maintenance hemodialysis.
In summary, while food supplements can positively impact the nutritional status of children with CKD, careful consideration of the type, dosage, and potential adverse effects is essential to optimize health outcomes.
Has anyone tried ontologies for supply chain management?5 answersOntologies have been used in supply chain management to improve efficiency and knowledge integration. Researchers have conducted surveys to identify existing ontologies in the field and create new ontologies that unify the structural elements of the supply chain. These ontologies aim to model the concepts and semantic relationships between them in supply chain networks. The use of ontologies can enable digital transformation and enhance supply chain resilience. Ontologies have also been applied in product lifecycle management (PLM) to integrate knowledge from different stages and teams, improving data sharing and integration. In the context of food supply chains, ontologies have been proposed to manage traceability and connect products to different stages of the transformation process. Overall, ontologies have been utilized in various aspects of supply chain management to address challenges and improve performance.
What are the specific nutritional requirements for individuals with chronic kidney disease?4 answersIndividuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have specific nutritional requirements. Guidelines recommend limiting protein intake as high-protein diets can worsen kidney dysfunction. Excess sodium should be limited as it may be associated with CKD progression and all-cause mortality. Potassium intake should be adjusted on an individual basis to maintain normal serum potassium levels. Adequate dietary calcium intake is recommended to maintain calcium balance. Nutritional therapy, including protein restriction, is beneficial for slowing CKD progression and reducing uremic manifestations, but individualized prescriptions are necessary due to patient adherence and compliance. Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is common in CKD, and dietary counseling by dietitians is key for preventing and managing PEW. Oral nutrition supplements (ONSs) may be necessary if dietary counseling alone is insufficient. In cases where energy and protein requirements are not met, nutrition support such as enteral tube feeding or parenteral nutrition should be considered. Malnutrition is prevalent in CKD patients, and factors such as gender, age, weight loss, and reduced food intake are associated with malnutrition. Disease-related malnutrition in CKD is a complex issue, and further research is needed to understand its pathophysiology and develop effective interventions.
How does the use of specific nutritional supplements impact with actue renal faiulre?5 answersThe use of specific nutritional supplements does not induce renal damage in the studied amounts and durations. Creatine supplements, in particular, are safe and do not cause renal disease, although they should not be used in people with chronic renal disease or using potentially nephrotoxic medications. Nutritional concerns play a major role in the management of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and protein intake is no longer restricted but rather recommended at 1.0-1.5 g/kg body weight/day. Oral nutrition supplements (ONS) can provide renal patients with key nutrients that may have been lost during dialysis. Antioxidant supplementation with vitamins C or E may improve renal transplant function, especially in grafts donated from marginal donors. Overall, the use of specific nutritional supplements does not appear to have a negative impact on acute renal failure.