How purchase decition impact ecommerce?5 answersConsumer purchase decisions significantly impact e-commerce by influencing customer behavior and shaping their buying patterns. Factors such as perceived risk, perceived benefit, trust, brand image, and consumer perceived value play crucial roles in determining purchase intentions and decisions in online shopping platforms. Additionally, the influence of information shared through electronic media, including online reviews, further affects consumer purchasing decisions in e-commerce settings. Trust, convenience, and attitudes are highlighted as key elements that drive consumer decisions in buying from e-commerce platforms, with trust being identified as the most significant factor influencing these decisions. Understanding and managing these factors are essential for e-commerce companies to enhance customer satisfaction, increase sales, and gain a competitive edge in the digital marketplace.
HOW HAS exchange rates IMPACTEDon EUROPE?4 answersExchange rates have had significant impacts on Europe. Studies show that exchange rate fluctuations in European Emerging Market and Developing Countries (EMDEs) have a positive effect on exchange rates, influenced by GDP growth and Terms of Trade (ToT). Additionally, the Eurozone has experienced a negative impact on inbound tourism due to exchange rate fluctuations, emphasizing the importance of devaluing the Euro currency to attract more tourists. Furthermore, the Aggregate Exchange Rate Pass-Through (ERPT) to import and consumer prices in the EU is lower than in the 1990s, with non-linear effects across countries, industries, and time periods, influenced by structural, cyclical, and policy factors, as well as monetary policy actions. Exchange rate volatility in Central and Eastern European countries affects business cycle fluctuations, with varying impacts on recession risk and cyclical output position.
How does the Exchange Rate impact merchandise trade?5 answersThe impact of exchange rates on merchandise trade is multifaceted. Exchange rate fluctuations can influence trade lobbying behavior, affect trade flows positively or negatively depending on short-term movements, and determine the prices paid in trade transactions, especially in the presence of inflation and shocks. Studies show that real exchange rate changes can have a positive impact on bilateral trade balances between countries like Indonesia and its major trading partners. Additionally, exchange rate volatility can have a negative impact on trade flows, influenced by factors like hedging instruments, production structure, and economic integration. Overall, the relationship between exchange rates and merchandise trade is complex, with short-term effects varying based on different economic factors and conditions.
In what ways do exchange rates impact the profitability of international trade for businesses?5 answersExchange rates impact the profitability of international trade for businesses in various ways. Firstly, exchange rate uncertainty affects trade flows, with studies showing asymmetric effects on exports. Secondly, higher exchange rate volatility increases corporate credit risk, particularly for large enterprises and state-owned enterprises, by worsening profitability and financial flexibility. Additionally, optimal investment decisions of risk-averse firms engaging in exports are influenced by endogenous and background risks, highlighting the importance of risk management strategies in international trade. Furthermore, the real exchange rate (RER) plays a crucial role in trade and long-term growth, with its influence on structural change outcomes remaining a promising area for further research. Overall, exchange rate dynamics significantly impact the profitability and risk exposure of businesses engaged in international trade.
How does the exchange rate affect international trade and investment, particularly in emerging markets?5 answersThe exchange rate has a significant impact on international trade and investment, especially in emerging markets. Exchange rate fluctuations can influence the net foreign institutional investments and stock market returns in these markets. Additionally, the exchange rate affects trade volumes and aggregate output through its impact on the competitiveness of exports and credit growth. In particular, a stronger currency can lead to a decline in trade volumes for emerging market economies. Furthermore, currency depreciation can dampen corporate investment, especially in emerging market economies that rely heavily on foreign funding and have less developed financial systems. Understanding the relationship between exchange rates and foreign trade is crucial for economic policy implementation, as the exchange rate can affect the volume of foreign trade in countries with large trade deficits. Overall, exchange rate dynamics play a crucial role in shaping international trade and investment patterns in emerging markets.
How do exchange rate changes affect GDP?3 answersExchange rate changes can affect GDP through various channels. One channel is the competitiveness channel, where a stronger currency can lead to a decline in trade volumes, particularly for emerging market economies. Another channel is the financial channel, where a stronger currency can be associated with more buoyant real economic activity due to faster credit growth and cross-border banking flows. The impact of exchange rate fluctuations on economic growth can vary across countries. In some cases, foreign direct investment has a significant positive effect on economic growth, and the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on economic growth through foreign direct investment channels is greater than through foreign trade channels. However, in the case of Nigeria, there is no strong direct relationship between changes in exchange rates and output growth, as other monetary variables have a more direct impact on economic growth. In the case of the Central Asian country, Kyrgyzstan, the depreciation of the national currency has positive short- and long-run effects on GDP growth, but it has a negative long-run effect on most GDP component variables.