What factors contribute to the increase in employee involvement when autonomy is provided?5 answersGranting autonomy to employees can lead to increased employee involvement through various factors. Research suggests that team autonomy positively impacts work engagement. Additionally, job autonomy is associated with higher levels of work engagement, particularly cognitive and emotional engagement. Furthermore, the social exchange theory highlights the importance of career planning, employee autonomy, and manager recognition in enhancing employee engagement. Moreover, organizational culture plays a crucial role in stimulating employee job crafting and willingness to embrace new challenges. These findings collectively indicate that factors such as team autonomy, job autonomy, social exchange dynamics, and organizational culture contribute significantly to boosting employee involvement when autonomy is provided.
How the autonomy is imost important in bioetics?4 answersRespect for autonomy is a central principle in bioethics, as it is crucial for ethical relationships between doctors and patients. Autonomy refers to the ability of individuals to make decisions for themselves and be true to themselves. However, there are different concepts of autonomy, such as negative autonomy and positive interpretations of autonomy. The concept of autonomy is important in addressing lifestyle diseases and public health policies, as it raises questions about the responsibility of individuals, governments, and corporate interests. There are also debates about the autonomy of research participants, particularly women, and the cultural norms that may influence their participation in research. Overall, autonomy is a key consideration in bioethics, but there are ongoing discussions and debates about its meaning and application.
How is autonomy defined?4 answersAutonomy is the concept of self-rule or the ability to control personal choices. It can be defined as the ability to make voluntary choices and be informed in order to navigate challenges posed by advertising, workplace restrictions, and intrusive psychological testing. Autonomy is also seen as a challenge to leadership, where strong leaders must balance their personal ability to make decisions with the demands of society and the general good. In psychology, autonomy is viewed as the self-governance of one's actions and the striving for self-determination, which emerges through social interactions and develops over the lifespan. In the context of liberalism and the capability approach, autonomy refers to an individual's freedom to choose their values and commitments, and it plays a role in evaluating well-being and just social arrangements. Autonomy can be characterized as the absence of external causes or control and can guide decision-making and the achievement of valued capabilities. Autonomy is also defined as the shift from effective causes to final ones, but a positive and constructive characterization consistent with scientific reality is needed for its implementation.
How is autonomy conceptualised in experimental research on educational motivation?5 answersAutonomy is conceptualized in experimental research on educational motivation as a fundamental psychological need that, when fulfilled, leads to optimal motivation and positive outcomes for students. Self-determination theory (SDT) is often used as a framework to understand autonomy in this context. SDT posits that autonomy is one of the three basic needs, along with competence and relatedness, that contribute to optimal motivation and well-being. Autonomy-supportive teaching methods have been found to enhance students' motivation and enjoyment in various educational settings. Autonomy is also seen as a crucial learning outcome of higher education, and research has focused on measuring university students' autonomy or its development. In the field of language learner autonomy, there is recognition that motivation is value-based and identity-oriented, influenced by social interaction and contextual processes.
Why autonomy took as a variable?5 answersAutonomy is taken as a variable in the development of AI systems to ensure meaningful human control and adherence to ethical guidelines. The concept of variable autonomy allows for dynamically adjustable levels of autonomy in robotic systems, enabling efficient collaboration with humans in various domains and applications. By implementing sliding-scale variable autonomy, levels of autonomy can be determined based on the relative efficacy of autonomous subroutines, resulting in optimal autonomy levels for efficient task completion. This approach also allows for the adaptation of autonomy levels based on the directives of air traffic control, similar to how human pilots operate. The goal is to emulate the functions of human-human and human-autonomy teams, leading to novel approaches in Industry 4.0 and advancements in human-machine autonomy.
How to achieve autonomy?5 answersTo achieve autonomy, systems need to possess certain capabilities such as self-configuring, self-optimising, self-healing, and self-protecting abilities. These capabilities allow systems to adapt to changes that arise from within them or in their environment. Networking these systems enables communication and interaction, leading to joint decision making and amplification of autonomy. Additionally, adaptation and learning are crucial functions in achieving high levels of autonomy. Autonomous systems should be able to consider their own position and environment to properly react to unexpected or dynamic circumstances. The level of autonomy can vary depending on the relative organization of the system and its interactions with the environment. Overall, achieving autonomy involves developing functionalities that enable systems to attain goals under uncertainties, adapt to changes, and make decisions in collaboration with other systems.