How does neuroinflamation effect emotion and behaviour?
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Neuroinflammation has a significant impact on emotions and behavior by influencing neural plasticity, neurotransmitter metabolism, and neuroendocrine systems. Studies suggest that neuroinflammation can lead to dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, impaired neuroplasticity, and changes in neurotransmitter levels, ultimately affecting cognitive and emotional functions . In conditions like depression and anxiety disorders, dysregulated cytokine networks resulting from neuroinflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of these affective disorders . Furthermore, neuroinflammation-induced changes in synaptic and non-synaptic transmission in brain regions like the amygdala can lead to anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors . Overall, the complex interplay between neuroinflammation and various brain functions underscores its role in shaping emotions and behaviors in health and disease.
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| Papers (5) | Insight |
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37 Citations | Neuroinflammation can lead to "sickness behavior" characterized by symptoms like cognitive problems, fatigue, and loss of appetite, potentially affecting emotions and behavior through inflammatory responses in the central nervous system. |
| Neuroinflammation triggers the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, impacting emotions and behaviors by deteriorating healthy neurons and impairing brain functions in psychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. | |
| Neuroinflammation impacts emotion and behavior by altering neurotransmitter metabolism, HPA axis regulation, microglial activation, neuroplasticity, and brain structure/function, leading to affective disorders like depression and anxiety. | |
76 Citations | Neuroinflammation induces anxiety- and depressive-like behavior by altering synaptic and non-synaptic plasticity in the basolateral amygdala, impacting emotional regulation and behavior. |
15 Apr 2021 | The paper does not specifically address how neuroinflammation affects emotion and behavior. The paper focuses on how neuroinflammation regulates hippocampal neurogenesis in brain diseases. |
Related Questions
What is the relationship between neuroinflammation and depression?10 answersThe relationship between neuroinflammation and depression is complex and multifaceted, with emerging evidence suggesting that neuroinflammation plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Neuroinflammation, characterized by elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, has been linked to the development and exacerbation of depressive symptoms. This is further supported by findings that individuals with depression exhibit higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers compared to those without the disorder.
The concept of "inflammaging" highlights the chronic, low-grade inflammation associated with aging and its connection to neuroinflammatory processes that contribute to psychopathological symptoms, including those found in depression. Moreover, the gut-microbiota-brain axis has been identified as a key player in mediating neuroinflammation, suggesting that interventions targeting this axis, such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) or vagus nerve stimulation, could offer new therapeutic avenues for treating depression.
Research has also pointed to specific neuroinflammatory markers, such as Connexin 43 (Cx43), which is involved in the regulation of neuroinflammatory responses and has been associated with the pathogenesis of MDD. Additionally, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analyses from patients with recent-onset depression have shown altered levels of certain cytokines, indicating a potential role of these cytokines in the neuroinflammatory response to depression.
Peripheral inflammation has been independently associated with depression, with studies finding correlations between elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, a marker of peripheral inflammation, and depressive symptoms. This suggests distinct pathways of peripheral and neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of depression, with the amygdala playing a critical role in stress-induced inflammation and depression.
Furthermore, the interplay between neuroinflammation, glutamate, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been implicated in the neurobiology of depression, highlighting the potential for targeting glutamate pathways in treatment-resistant depression. Chronic stress, a known etiological factor for depression, has been linked to neuroinflammation through mechanisms such as dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and immune cell glucocorticoid resistance, further emphasizing the role of neuroinflammation in depression.
Lastly, the complex relationships among obesity, depression, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) underscore the significance of neuroinflammation as a common mechanism linking these conditions, with therapeutic interventions targeting neuroinflammation offering promising strategies for prevention and treatment. This comprehensive body of evidence underscores the critical role of neuroinflammation in depression, offering insights into novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for this debilitating disorder.
How does the media portray the relationship between neuroinflammation and mental health?4 answersThe media portrays the relationship between neuroinflammation and mental health as a significant and evolving field in psychiatry. Research indicates that severe psychiatric disorders like depression and schizophrenia are associated with brain inflammation, challenging traditional views of mental illness as solely emotional or cognitive issues. Studies show elevated inflammatory markers in conditions like depression, suggesting a role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of these disorders. Furthermore, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is linked to increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, highlighting the immune system's involvement in mental health conditions. This emerging understanding of the interplay between inflammation and mental health offers new avenues for treatment and underscores the intricate connection between the body and mind in psychiatric disorders.
What is Neuroinflammation?4 answersNeuroinflammation is an innate immunological response of the central nervous system to brain insults, infections, toxins, and neurodegenerative diseases. It involves the activation of glial cells and the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, leading to changes in brain metabolism and cellular energy homeostasis. Neuroinflammation can be both neuroprotective and detrimental, depending on the duration and intensity of the inflammatory response. It is associated with the progression of neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, and brain aging. The blood-brain barrier, once considered impermeable, can allow peripheral pro-inflammatory mediators to enter the central nervous system, contributing to neuroinflammation. Glial cells, such as microglia and astrocytes, play a crucial role in neuroinflammation, and various signaling pathways can be activated in response to inflammatory stimuli. Dietary interventions and RNA-based strategies have shown promise in modulating neuroinflammation and alleviating its consequences. Overall, neuroinflammation is a complex process that affects brain function and plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases.
What is the Effect of neuroinflammation on signalling pathways, especially on glutamate release and signalling?4 answersNeuroinflammation has been shown to have an impact on glutamate release and signalling. Inflammatory responses can lead to over-activation of microglia, resulting in excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines that modify glutamate signalling. This can lead to increased glutamate release from astrocytes and changes in glutamatergic synaptic transmission. Chronic neuroinflammation can also result in an increase in the probability of glutamate release, mediated by an abnormal contribution of L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Additionally, neuroinflammation can affect glutamate handling and neurotransmission through changes in glial cells and the effect of cytokines. These findings suggest that neuroinflammation can disrupt glutamate signalling pathways, which may contribute to cognitive impairment and the development of neurological diseases.
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Can neurons become inflamed?9 answers