What are the application of nir spectrocopy on vegtables ?5 answersNear-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has various applications in the analysis of vegetables. It is used for moisture analysis of different types of vegetable seeds, such as carrot, parsley, lettuce, radish, and beetroot. NIR spectroscopy also provides rich information about the biological processes of plants, and deep learning-based methods have been proposed to generate high-resolution NIR images from corresponding RGB images. These methods have been used to extract phenotypic data from high-resolution NIR images for agricultural purposes. Additionally, NIR measurements have been used to determine blend uniformity in continuous tableting lines, allowing for real-time quality assurance in the production of vegetable-based tablets.
Application of nir spectroscopy in grain and cereal to determination moisure content and suger??5 answersNear-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) has been applied in several studies to determine the biochemical composition of grains and cereals. NIR spectroscopy, combined with chemometrics, has been used to discriminate different wheat genotypes based on their composition and quality, including hardness and genotype classification. Raman spectroscopy has been used as a non-invasive technique to discriminate between different cereal species, such as barley, rye, spelt, and wheat, based on their molecular composition. Fourier-transform NIR spectroscopy has been used to determine the biochemical composition of sorghum grains, including tannin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, in different sample formats, such as whole grains and grain flours. However, the specific determination of moisture content and sugar using NIR spectroscopy in grains and cereals is not mentioned in the provided abstracts.
Does the rate of manure application affect the nutrient content of the vegetables planted?5 answersThe rate of manure application does affect the nutrient content of the vegetables planted. In a study by Askar et al., it was found that the use of white mustard cover crops significantly reduced nitrate concentration, but had no significant impact on drainage discharge or phosphorus loss. Another study by Zhen et al. showed that continuous and high manure application rates increased the total concentrations of soil Cd, Zn, Cr, and Cu, as well as soil available heavy metals. Mu et al. found that compost treatments at high percentages generally promoted elements N, P, K, Na, Mn, Zn, and Mg within the vegetable contents, while a low compost amount boosted Ca, Al, and Fe levels. Quan et al. demonstrated that application of manures significantly enhanced the average contents and stocks of NO3-N, extractable organic N (EON), and total N (TN) in the soil, leading to potential loss via leaching of both nitrate and EON. Fonge et al. also observed that the type and amount of fertilizers affected the growth, yield, and nutrient concentrations in vegetables.
What methods are used to estimate the nutrient content of natural fertilizers?5 answersVarious methods are used to estimate the nutrient content of natural fertilizers. One method is laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), which uses spectral data to determine the nutrient content of fertilizers. LIBS can reduce the workload and testing time, saving resources and reducing costs. Another method is spectrometric analysis, which uses optical spectrometry to predict the nutrient concentrations in liquid organic fertilizers. This method is fast and low-cost, making it a viable alternative to traditional laboratory analysis. Machine learning approaches, such as Random Forest, Decision Tree, Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine, Least-Square Support Vector Machine, and Artificial Neural Network, have also been used to improve the accuracy of soil properties prediction, including nutrient characterization. Additionally, a method for measuring nutrients in soil involves sampling, solution preparation, separation, centrifugation, and measurement using an ultraviolet-visible light spectrophotometer. Hyperspectral remote-sensing techniques, combined with partial least squares regression and various algorithms, have been used to estimate soil nutrient content, such as total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium.
What are the challenges and limitations of using NIR spectroscopy in soil science?5 answersNIR spectroscopy in soil science faces several challenges and limitations. One challenge is the difference in spectra obtained in laboratory conditions versus in situ measurements, which can lead to discrepancies in prediction models. Another challenge is the availability of soil testing labs, particularly in rural areas, which limits the accessibility of soil analysis for farmers. Additionally, the accuracy of prediction models depends on the calibration model used, with regional scale models showing lower potential compared to local scale models. Furthermore, the prediction of soil properties at specific depths can be less accurate when using the whole depth calibration, highlighting the need for methods that consider the spectral library for optimal predictions. Overall, while NIR spectroscopy offers advantages such as being non-destructive and cost-effective, addressing these challenges and limitations is crucial for its successful implementation in soil science.
How to determine water content using NIR?5 answersWater content can be determined using Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. This non-destructive method utilizes the absorbance spectra of the sample in the NIR range to estimate the water content. Different pre-treatment methods can be applied to the NIR spectra to improve the accuracy of the estimation. For example, in the study by Budiastra and Nurfadila, absorbance spectra with OSC pre-treatment were used to estimate vanillin content with high accuracy. Similarly, the study by Pálková et al.used IR spectra in the near-infrared region to evaluate the water content of perlites. The band area near 5240 cm−1 was found to be dependent on the water content. The proposed method using internal standards, such as hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide salt or layered hydrosilicate talc, improved the correlation between infrared and thermogravimetric/loss of ignition results. These studies demonstrate the effectiveness of NIR spectroscopy for non-destructive determination of water content in various materials.