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How does the inhibition of proline cycle by L-ornithine liposome nanoparticles affect the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy?

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase

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L-ornithine L-aspartate (LOLA) has been shown to have beneficial effects in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in cirrhosis. LOLA lowers blood ammonia levels through multiple mechanisms, including stimulation of ammonia removal via the urea cycle, prevention of hepatocellular damage, and prevention of muscle wasting. It has been found to be effective in lowering blood, muscle, and brain ammonia levels, and has been shown to improve mental state grade in overt HE and minimal HE. LOLA has also been found to be comparable or superior in efficacy to non-absorbable disaccharides or probiotics. Additionally, LOLA has shown efficacy in the treatment of post-transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPSS) HE and for secondary HE prophylaxis. However, the quality of evidence supporting the use of LOLA is currently very low, and further research is needed to confirm its benefits and determine its optimal use.

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Open access•Journal Article•DOI Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties of l-Ornithine l-Aspartate (LOLA) in Hepatic Encephalopathy Gerald Kircheis, Stefan Lüth - Show less +1 more 01 Feb 2019-Drugs 34 Citations	The provided paper does not mention the use of L-ornithine liposome nanoparticles or the inhibition of the proline cycle in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI l -Ornithine l -Aspartate (LOLA) for Hepatic Encephalopathy in Cirrhosis: Results of Randomized Controlled Trials and Meta-Analyses Roger F. Butterworth, Mark J. W. McPhail - Show less +1 more 01 Feb 2019-Drugs 38 Citations	The provided paper does not mention the inhibition of the proline cycle by L-ornithine liposome nanoparticles or its effect on the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI L-ornithine L-aspartate for prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis Ee Teng Goh, Caroline S. Stokes, Sandeep S Sidhu, Hendrik Vilstrup, Lise Lotte Gluud, Marsha Y. Morgan - Show less +5 more 15 May 2018-Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 67 Citations	The provided paper does not mention the inhibition of the proline cycle by L-ornithine liposome nanoparticles or its effect on the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI L-Ornithine L-Aspartate for Prevention and Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients with Cirrhosis 06 Jan 2022	The provided paper does not mention the inhibition of the proline cycle by L-ornithine liposome nanoparticles or its effect on the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy.

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Discussion part of articles about nutrition in hepatic encephalopathy?5 answersNutrition therapy plays a crucial role in the management of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in patients with cirrhosis. It has been shown to prevent the recurrence of overt HE, improve anthropometry, lower ammonia levels, decrease inflammation, and provide mortality benefit. Protein calorie malnutrition is a common complication in patients with chronic liver disease, including those with HE. However, there is no evidence to support the use of a low protein diet in the outcome of HE, as it worsens the nutritional status and leads to the development of complications. On the contrary, higher protein levels are recommended for patients with HE, as malnutrition is highly prevalent and associated with higher mortality rates. The treatment of HE focuses on correcting trigger factors and reducing ammonia formation. Various dietary and pharmacologic options are available for the treatment of HE, including oral branched-chain amino acids, proteins of different sources, probiotics, synbiotics, antioxidants, oral L-Ornithine L-Aspartate, and acetyl-L-carnitine.

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Amino acid health benefit5 answersAmino acids have numerous health benefits. They play a vital role in constructing proteins and peptides, reducing oxidative stress, and acting as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents. Specific amino acids like L-arginine, L-glutamine, L-tryptophan, and L-cysteine have been shown to modulate vascular function, preserve vascular homeostasis, and mitigate risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Amino acids also participate in various physiological processes such as regulating gene expression, cell signaling, nutrient digestion and absorption, immunity, and hormone secretion. Additionally, amino acids are widely used in various industries, including feed, food, medicine, and daily chemicals, and their efficient screening methods are crucial for the development of hyper-producing strains. Calixarenes have been studied for their potential use in amino acid detection, which is important for determining human health.

What is the significance of proline and arginine metabolism in plant stress ??5 answersStep 1: Proline plays a crucial role in plant stress response, acting as an osmolyte, ROS scavenger, and molecular chaperone. It is linked to various cellular processes and can modulate gene expression, aiding in stress acclimation and plant development. Additionally, proline accumulation is associated with tolerance to abiotic stresses, contributing to osmotic adjustment, redox balance, and cellular homeostasis. Similarly, arginine metabolism is also significant in plant stress, with its involvement in nitric oxide production, which regulates various physiological processes and stress responses in plants. Step 3: Proline is a multifunctional amino acid that acts as an osmolyte, ROS scavenger, and molecular chaperone, modulating gene expression and aiding in stress acclimation and plant development. Proline accumulation is associated with tolerance to abiotic stresses, contributing to osmotic adjustment, redox balance, and cellular homeostasis. Arginine metabolism is significant in plant stress, with its involvement in nitric oxide production, regulating various physiological processes and stress responses in plants.

What are the health benefits of proline?5 answersStep 1: Proline has various health benefits, including its role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis, its protective effects against oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease, its importance in retinal metabolism and health, its multifaceted roles in cell biology, and its therapeutic effects in the treatment of menopause. Step 2: - "Proline is a non-essential amino acid with key roles in protein structure/function and maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis". - "L-Proline (Pro) was found to be protective against oxidative stress in various diseases, including its protective effects against oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease". - "Recent studies show RPE cells prefer proline as a major metabolic substrate, and they are highly enriched for the proline transporter, SLC6A20". - "Herein, we review the multifaceted roles of proline in cell biology". - "The aim of present study was to evaluate the effects of proline in the treatment of menopause using in vitro and in vivo models". Step 3: Proline has various health benefits, including its role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis, its protective effects against oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease, its importance in retinal metabolism and health, its multifaceted roles in cell biology, and its therapeutic effects in the treatment of menopause.

Can proline be used as a ligand in metal catalysis?5 answersProline can be used as a ligand in metal catalysis. Chiral metal nanoclusters incorporating proline have been shown to display intense and mirror-image Cotton effects in their CD spectra, indicating their potential for asymmetric catalysis. Additionally, chiral N,N'-dioxide ligands derived from proline have been utilized in asymmetric Henry reactions, producing β-nitroalcohols with high enantioselectivity. Furthermore, selective hydrogenation of L-proline into L-prolinol has been achieved using M-MoOx/Al2O3 catalysts, demonstrating the effectiveness of proline as a chiral auxiliary in asymmetric synthesis. Proline has also been used as an organocatalyst, and the addition of small hydrogen-bond-donating cocatalysts, such as guanidinium salts, has been investigated to enhance its catalytic activity. Overall, these studies highlight the versatility of proline in metal catalysis and its potential for asymmetric synthesis.

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