Why is there more volatility in short-term trading than long-term investing?5 answersShort-term trading exhibits higher volatility compared to long-term investing due to various factors. In short-term trading, investors may face trading frictions and hold underdiversified portfolios, leading to a positive relation between short-term volatility and stock returns. On the other hand, long-term idiosyncratic volatility is negatively related to expected stock returns, as stocks with high long-run idiosyncratic volatility are less exposed to systematic risk factors. Additionally, at subsecond horizons, bids and offers in equity markets are more volatile, potentially due to Edgeworth cycles and random delays interacting with quote volatility. Understanding the nature of short-term volatility is crucial, especially in leveraged ETFs, where near-term volatility can exceed what the leverage ratio suggests. Overall, these dynamics contribute to the higher volatility observed in short-term trading compared to long-term investing.
What explains long term returns?5 answersLong-term returns are influenced by various factors such as historical market conditions, realistic forecasting, and investment decisions. Historical data spanning a significant period is crucial for understanding security returns and reducing measurement errors. Additionally, in the healthcare sector, higher spending leads to lower mortality rates after heart attacks, indicating long-term returns on healthcare investments. Furthermore, in the realm of single-player games, returning to long-term gameplay experiences can lead to a pivotal moment known as "The Pivot Point," which informs the design of better return experiences in gaming. Overall, a combination of historical evidence, realistic forecasting, investment decisions, healthcare spending, and design considerations plays a role in explaining long-term returns across various domains.
What are the advantages of short-term debt?5 answersShort-term debt offers several advantages. Firstly, it can reduce agency conflicts between managers and shareholders by subjecting managers to more frequent monitoring by the credit market. Secondly, short-term debt can generate additional incentives for risk-taking among entrepreneurs, while also mitigating the risk-shifting problem induced by their risk aversion. Thirdly, short-term debt can help resolve agency conflicts facing unsecured bondholders by mitigating the negative effect of high asset liquidity. Finally, the relationship between debt maturity and governance depends on the institutional environment and shareholder rights in a given country, with short-term debt acting as a substitute for governance in countries with stronger investor protection.
Why use short term debt?4 answersShort-term debt is used for several reasons. Firstly, it can reduce potential agency conflicts between managers and shareholders by subjecting managers to more frequent monitoring by the credit market. Secondly, short-term debt can provide incentives for risk-taking among entrepreneurs, as it mitigates the risk-shifting problem and generates additional risk-taking incentives via rollover risk. Additionally, the use of short-term debt is positively related to managerial ability, with able managers preferring short-term debt, especially for firms with greater growth opportunities. Lastly, short-term debt can act as a substitute for external monitoring through independent boards and stronger shareholder protections, particularly in countries with stronger investor protection rights.
What are the relationship of financial goals in investment and short term goals?5 answersFinancial goals in investment are often influenced by short-term goals. The tension between long-term goals and short-term risks can impact investment behavior and decision-making. Short-term risks, such as margin calls or solvency triggers, can force investors to deviate from their long-term goals and make adjustments to their investment portfolios. Additionally, short-termism, which refers to the focus on short time horizons and near-time shareholder interests, can hinder long-term investments and sustainable economic growth. The interdependence between financing terms and investment decisions can also lead to short-termism, as firms may prioritize shorter maturity projects due to financing constraints. However, companies can align both short- and long-term goals through strategic analysis, which considers both financial and strategic factors in decision-making. Loss averse investors may prioritize long-term goals but adopt high leverage strategies for short-term goals, depending on their level of loss aversion and ambition of the goals.
Do bad performing companys concentrate more on the short term things than the long-term things?5 answersBad performing companies often focus more on short-term performance rather than long-term considerations. This emphasis on short-term gains can undermine the company's long-term health and competitiveness. In response to poor performance, these companies tend to resort to remedies such as layoffs, cost-cutting, and asset sales. However, these actions often fail to address the underlying issues that contribute to the company's poor performance, such as an ineffective corporate culture. Additionally, research has shown that firms experiencing poor stock performance are more likely to take actions such as asset restructuring, employee layoffs, top management replacement, and dividend cuts. These responses are influenced by factors such as capital structure and market value. Overall, the evidence suggests that bad performing companies may prioritize short-term actions over long-term considerations, potentially compromising their long-term success and sustainability.