What are the factors influencing gender roles?5 answersFactors influencing gender roles include the media, family structure, cultural and regional influences, education level, occupation, age, and exposure to mass media. Research shows that children's media, toys, and stories often portray stereotypical gender roles, which can shape children's perception of gender. Family factors, such as familial makeup, parenting, and sibling order, also play a crucial role in children's acquisition of gender knowledge. Changes in family structure, such as single-parent families, can impact children's gender role development. Demographic factors, including age, family size, duration of marriage, educational level, and occupational status, are associated with gender role attitudes among women. Additionally, societal factors like patriarchy, capitalism, and mass media influence individuals' attitudes towards women's employment and gender roles. In European countries, the level of gender inequality often coincides with the level of patriarchal ideas about gender roles. Overall, a combination of biological, social, cultural, and environmental factors shape gender roles.
What is women vulnerability in involving tourism?5 answersWomen vulnerability in the tourism industry is a significant concern. The hospitality and tourism industry has been vulnerable to various factors such as harsh government policies, natural disasters, pandemics, exploitation, and misconceptions. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, a study conducted in Indonesia identified four regional hotspots where the employment vulnerability of women, youth, and low-education workers was more than five times higher than the national average. Gender inequality and discrimination are major impediments to development, and tourism development can play a crucial role in addressing these issues. Empowering women through tourism development is a key aspect highlighted by the UNWTO, and an action plan has been presented to promote women's empowerment in the tourism sector.
What is family influence in gender roles?3 answersFamily influence plays a significant role in shaping gender roles. The family is the primary environment where children learn about gender roles and expectations. Parents, through their own gender roles and attitudes, directly impact the gender roles of their children. The environment, including factors outside the family such as neighbors and media, also influences the implementation of gender equality within the family. Different family structures, such as single-parent families, can affect the distribution of gender-role types in both parents and children. Additionally, the emotional state of parents and their own gender identity can influence children's attitudes towards gender and gender choices. Overall, family plays a crucial role in the socialization and development of gender roles in children.
How do gender differences in travel behavior manifest themselves globally?5 answersGender differences in travel behavior manifest themselves globally in various ways. Females are more likely than males to use active travel modes such as walking and public transport, while males are more likely to cycle. Women tend to have shorter commute distances, chain trips, have more non-work related trips, travel at off-peak hours, and choose more flexible modes. In terms of travel preferences, women tend to prioritize safety, while men focus more on time constraints. Additionally, women in some countries face daily sexual harassment during travel, which affects their travel choices. In terms of tourism, gender plays a role in shaping the tourist experience and destination choices. Overall, understanding these gender differences is important for designing transport policies that are efficient and equitable.
What are the effects of culture on gender roles?5 answersCulture has a significant impact on gender roles. Immigrant source country gender roles influence the behavior of immigrant and second-generation women in the United States, indicating that culture matters for economic behavior. Additionally, ancestral use of irrigation is associated with lower female labor force participation and property rights in contemporary African and Indian populations, as well as in European and US immigrant populations. Furthermore, the effect of age and gender on social influence varies between individualist and collectivist cultures, with more significant differences observed in collectivist cultures. These findings highlight the influence of culture on gender roles and suggest that cultural norms and values shape individuals' behavior and attitudes towards gender roles.
How does gender expression of students shape their career aspirations in the tourism industry?5 answersThe gender expression of students can shape their career aspirations in the tourism industry. Research shows that women who graduated from the Tourism Department experienced gender equality in terms of access, participation, control, and benefits in their job search and work experiences. However, there were still instances of discrimination, such as physical requirements for job vacancies and facilities that were not gender-responsive. On the other hand, a qualitative study found marked differences in aspirations and clarity of opportunities among graduate students of a tourism program, suggesting the need for suitable recommendations to increase engagement with the industry and long-term employability. Additionally, the study on university-industry cooperation programs in tourism and hospitality found that student motivation, evaluation of the program, and attitudes influenced their career aspirations. Overall, gender expression can impact career aspirations in the tourism industry, with both gender equality and disparities being observed.