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Countering the current geographic pattern of comparative advantage with higher transportation costs, climate change and peak oil will thus result in peak globalization, after which the volume of exports will decline as measured by ton-miles of freight.
I conclude that transportation geographers need to think creatively about how the growing presence of IT can help mitigate inequality of access and push us toward more sustainable transportation.
The implications of technological progress in transportation for relative market potential over the long run have gone unremarked but should not be forgotten as globalization forges ahead.
Open accessJournal ArticleDOI
Ingo Borchert, Yoto V. Yotov, Yoto V. Yotov 
01 Apr 2017-Economics Letters
50 Citations
We offer evidence how globalization affects manufacturing trade over the period 1986-2006 and show that, on average, the effect of distance has fallen whereas the effects of proximity and regional trade agreements have increased over time.
Such an inequality of mobility may have become enlarged under the impact of globalization but has gone mostly unnoticed.
This article argues against the juggernaut view of globalization, suggesting that much depends on how we engage with the forces of globalization to mitigate their worst consequences and use them to advantage.
We suggest that the impact of globalization on wages has been missed because its effects must be captured by analyzing occupational exposure to globalization.
The article argues that twenty-first century globalization is markedly different from twentieth century globalization and reviews the major changes.
We conclude that despite the proliferation of research on the consequences of globalization, there is no solid consensus in the relevant literature on any of these questions, largely because scholars disagree about how to measure globalization and about how to draw causal inferences about its effects.

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