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How have caricatures been used for propaganda?

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Caricatures have been utilized as a potent tool for propaganda in various historical and contemporary contexts. They serve as a means to construct and disseminate specific images and messages to influence public opinion. In the interwar period, caricatures were employed in German and Hungarian newspapers to shape perceptions of the enemy during World Wars I and II . Similarly, during Russia's aggression against Ukraine, caricatures in British newspapers portrayed political leaders and events to sway public sentiment . Napoleon used iconography, including caricatures, to glorify his reign and reinforce his authority through visual representations . Moreover, in political campaigns, caricatures have been strategically employed to enhance candidate visibility, memory retention, and emotional connections with voters . Through exaggeration, contradiction, and metaphor, caricatures effectively convey messages, ideologies, and political stances, making them a powerful tool for propaganda .

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Open access•Journal Article•DOI Caricature as one of the information mechanisms for constructing the image of Russia's war against Ukraine: according to the materials of "The Times" and "The Sunday Times" R. Kutsyk 31 Oct 2022-Shìd	Caricatures in "The Times" and "The Sunday Times" portrayed Putin negatively and Zelensky positively during Russia's war on Ukraine, serving as pro-Ukrainian propaganda against Russia.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Representation of Ideology in Political Caricatures, from the Persian Constitutional Revolution to the Contemporary with a Sociological Approach [In Persian] Nasim Nemati, Soosan Khataei - Show less +1 more 01 Apr 2023	Caricatures have been utilized for propaganda by representing ideology through humor, visual metaphors, and linguistic analysis, influencing audiences to adopt desired perspectives in political contexts.
Journal Article•DOI Caricaturas, propaganda eleitoral e publicidade infantil: conexões estratégicas Marcelo Rodrigo Silva 25 Jun 2021	Caricatures have been strategically used in political propaganda by appropriating children's advertising language to enhance media dissemination, candidate memorability, and evoke playfulness and affection towards candidates.
Book Chapter•DOI The Napoleonic Wars in Caricature 09 Jun 2022	Caricatures were utilized by Napoleon for propaganda during the Napoleonic Wars to portray his grandeur, military prowess, scientific approach to combat, and magnanimous nature, reinforcing his authority and image.
Open access The Faces of the Enemy in the Two World Wars. A Comparative Analysis of German and Hungarian Caricatures Ágnes Tamás 01 Jan 2015	Caricatures were utilized for propaganda during WWI and WWII to distort enemy features, influence public opinion, and support war efforts, as seen in German and Hungarian comic papers.

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When was created the political caricature?5 answersPolitical caricatures have a rich history dating back to the early 19th century. The Reform Bill crisis of 1830–1832 significantly expanded the market for political caricature, transitioning from expensive single prints to serialized and periodicalized formats using new reprographic technologies like lithography and wood-engraving. These caricatures became essential tools in political communication, combining verbal and visual elements to convey messages effectively. Notable publications such as La Silhouette, Punch, and Le Monde Illustré played pivotal roles in showcasing political caricatures and criticism globally. The efficiency of analyzing political caricatures lies in understanding the visual and verbal elements through Langacker's construal dimension of prominence, which aids in decoding the intended messages and meaning construction within these satirical artworks.

What role do caricatures play in depicting and resolving conflict?5 answersCaricatures serve as powerful tools in depicting and addressing conflicts. They often portray the 'Other' negatively during interstate rivalries, highlighting societal issues like terrorism. Political caricatures reflect the shortcomings of democracy and the interplay between self and nation, offering warnings against blindly supporting conflicts. Throughout history, caricatures have critiqued notable figures and states, sometimes leading to controversies due to their intensity during conflicts. Caricatures aim to transmit social or political messages, triggering emotional reactions in viewers and guiding them through a cathartic process of awareness, whether through humor or seriousness. By distorting reality, caricatures reveal truths about society, making them valuable instruments in both reflecting and potentially resolving conflicts.

What is the role of irony in caricature?3 answersIrony plays a significant role in caricature. Caricature is a form of visual art that emerged in late eighteenth-century England as a technology for representing the modern self. It uses irony to unmask the public role and reveal the authentic private self beneath. In political caricature, irony is employed to convey a point and critique political issues such as fiscal policy and national debt. Irony in caricature is also used to disrupt social norms, interrogate hierarchies and status, and depict bodily functions in a grotesque manner. The use of irony in caricature involves an interactive script, where the ironist's intention is shown through antiphrastic processes and syncoding to "hit" the victim of the irony. Irony in educational caricatures is used to draw attention to the rational handling of money and the financial system.

How can critical discourse analysis be used to study caricatures?5 answersCritical discourse analysis (CDA) can be used to study caricatures by analyzing the linguistic, literal, and symbolic messages conveyed in the images. CDA helps to uncover hidden ideologies and power dynamics present in media discourse, including caricatures. It allows for the examination of social phenomena and the authentic identity of social actors. Through CDA, the types of speech acts and implicative meanings in caricatures can be identified, as well as the practice of cooperative and politeness principles. CDA also helps to understand the social function of caricature texts and the different interpretations of readers and caricaturists. By analyzing the visual and rhetorical elements of caricatures, CDA can reveal how they function as a form of attack or criticism, shaping public opinion and constructing negative images of certain groups or countries. Overall, CDA provides a comprehensive framework for studying the social and political dimensions of caricatures.

How is propaganda posters reflect the gender representation?3 answersPropaganda posters reflect gender representation by using graphic and metaphorical elements to condition the population's perception of women's roles in society. These posters employ visual techniques to persuade and recruit individuals, leaving no room for reflection. They often depict women in traditional roles, such as being afraid and worried as soldiers go off to war, while also highlighting their political equality and emancipation in some cases. The framing and composition of these posters implicate viewers in the perspective presented, positioning them behind the women and within the interior space. However, the posters also expose the act of framing and engage viewers in a metacritical reading practice, challenging the propaganda message and its construction of the viewer. The libidinal economy exploited in propaganda posters of the Chinese Cultural Revolution and in consumer society today reveals the deep structure of our political performance and the need for critical analysis. Gender stereotypes are often reflected in advertising posters, reinforcing societal trends and influencing audience perception. In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, graphic designers have used gender-based design principles to create posters that raise awareness and prevent the spread of the virus.

How does a caricature differ from a news story?2 answersA caricature differs from a news story in several ways. Firstly, a caricature is a visual representation, often used in newspapers to explain significant news events, while a news story is a written account of events. Caricatures are accompanied by related news stories, providing additional context and information. Secondly, caricatures can be browsed using clustering and timeline-based browsing facilities, allowing users to navigate through the news stories. On the other hand, news stories are constructed narratives that present events from daily life, with the media controlling aspects such as framing, perspective, and point of view. Additionally, the use of visual material, such as photographs, in news stories has implications for their presentation and the meanings conveyed. Overall, caricatures and news stories serve different purposes and employ different mediums to convey information.

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