What are the long-term effects of noise-induced hearing loss on miners' quality of life?5 answersLong-term effects of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) on miners' quality of life encompass physical, mental, social, and economic impacts. NIHL, prevalent among mining workers due to high noise exposure, can lead to stress, social isolation, and decreased quality of life. The pathophysiology of NIHL involves complex interactions of genetic, environmental, and occupational factors. Diagnosis methods include reviewing noise exposure history and conducting various auditory tests. Prevention strategies like educational programs and early detection are crucial. Despite advancements, effective pharmacological interventions for NIHL remain limited. Miners are still at risk for hearing loss due to inadequate noise protection measures. Overall, NIHL significantly impacts miners' well-being, necessitating comprehensive preventive measures and interventions.
What are the environmental impacts of drilling and blasting in mining operations?4 answersBlasting operations in mining have several environmental impacts. These include ground vibrations, noise, dust, fumes, and damage to nearby structures and transportation roads. The use of new explosives systems and initiation devices, along with blast monitoring and analysis, can help predict and control these adverse impacts. The introduction of energy-saving and environmentally friendly technologies, such as the use of plastic explosives with special fuel mixtures, can reduce the consumption of explosives and the energy intensity of mining, as well as the man-made impact of blasting operations. Blasting can also cause structural damage and impact human health through ground vibrations. It is important to thoroughly investigate ground vibrations and their characteristics, as well as the interaction mechanisms between seismic waves, ground layers, and structures, in order to minimize or prevent their impacts.
How to stop rattling in a machine?4 answersTo stop rattling in a machine, there are several methods that can be used. One approach is to move the ram and boring bar in opposite ways along the machining direction, ensuring that their displacements cancel each other out. Another method involves varying the stiffness of hydrostatic shoe bearings by adjusting the supply pressure of pressurized liquid or by supplying the liquid alternatively through different branches of the supply circuit. Additionally, a chatter-preventing structure can be used, which includes a housing member with an annular damper chamber that accommodates a friction damper part to absorb vibration energy during machining. Another option is to use a chattering suppression apparatus with bolt members housing a damper chamber and a friction damper section to suppress vibration energy through sliding friction. These methods can help reduce or eliminate rattling in a machine during operation.
What are the different types of maintenance in mining?3 answersThere are three types of maintenance in mining: curative maintenance, preventive maintenance, and predictive maintenance. Curative maintenance involves waiting for a failure to occur before performing maintenance, which can result in equipment loss and production stoppage. Preventive maintenance does not take into account the condition of the equipment and involves replacing components even if they are still healthy, resulting in wasted time and budget. Predictive maintenance, on the other hand, continuously monitors the state of the equipment and allows for repairs to be scheduled based on the deterioration process, resulting in more efficient maintenance planning. The transition from preventive to predictive maintenance is being applied in the mining industry, with the use of sensor data and wireless infrastructure to improve maintenance practices.
What are the effects of mining on soil quality?5 answersMining activities have significant negative effects on soil quality. Large scale surface coal mining activities lead to changes in soil properties such as increased soil pH, electrical conductivity, and bulk density, and decreased nutrient content (N, P, and K). Erosion caused by mining activity decreases soil depth, nutrients available for plants, and organic matter, resulting in decreased productivity of the soil. Mining activities also lead to the formation of dumps and abandoned mine lands, which pose environmental risks due to the presence of heavy metals. Open pit mining activities, such as land clearing, blasting, and hauling, can affect soil and water quality, resulting in changes in soil properties such as pH, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron concentration. Underground coal mining can also have negative effects on soil physical quality, including decreased soil water content, soil cohesion, and soil porosity, and increased bulk density and dry density.
What are the mostly mined deposits in Africa by illegal miners?3 answersIllegal miners in Africa mostly mine gold deposits, particularly in the Durban Deep/Roodepoort area near Johannesburg.