How to prepare c18 silica gel for binding of proteins and peptides from lysates??5 answersTo prepare C18 silica gel for binding proteins and peptides from lysates, several methods can be employed based on the research papers provided. One approach involves bonding octadecyl on high-purity silica gel surfaces. Another method includes introducing 3-aminopropyl to a silicon sphere surface, grafting dendritic propargyl acrylate, and carrying out thiol-yne addition reaction to prepare a surface-modified dendritic octadecyl stationary phase. Additionally, C18-modified silica gels with varying surface coverages can be prepared and characterized using FTIR and NMR spectroscopy to study the effects of temperature and bonding density on conformational order. These methods offer insights into creating C18 silica gel materials suitable for efficient binding of proteins and peptides from lysates.
How is silica used in the manufacturing of glass?5 answersSilica is used in the manufacturing of glass in various ways. One method is through the use of microscale computed axial lithography (micro-CAL) of fused silica components, where a photopolymer-silica nanocomposite is tomographically illuminated and then sintered to create three-dimensional microfluidics and micro-optical elements. Another method involves the initial processing steps of preparing a melt batch containing silica and other components, melting the batch, and cooling it to produce amorphous silica materials such as glass. Additive manufacturing techniques, such as fused deposition modeling (FDM) and fused feedstock deposition (FFD), can also be used to create transparent fused silica glass by converting thermoplastic silica nanocomposites to glass through debinding and sintering, enabling the printing of complex glass structures. Additionally, a direct method using lasers to process fused silica paste has been developed to create three-dimensional fused silica glass with high transparency.
How is the sol-gel method used to synthesize silica gel with sodium silicate?5 answersThe sol-gel method is used to synthesize silica gel with sodium silicate. In one study, SiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized from rice husk using a sol-gel extraction method. The extracted SiO2 nanoparticles were analyzed using various techniques, including XRD, SEM, and FTIR, which confirmed the presence of SiO2 and Si-O bonds. Another study focused on synthesizing pure amorphous silica nanoparticles using sodium silicate solutions produced from recycled glass powder. The process involved reacting glass powder with NaOH solutions, filtering the resulting sodium silicate solution, and then adding hydrochloric acid to obtain a white gel mixture. The gel was aged, filtered, washed, and dried to obtain highly pure white silica powder. The synthesis of geopolymers also involves the sol-gel process using sodium silicate and hydrochloric acid reagents. The gelling reaction produces an irreversible gel, which has a higher silica content compared to the reversible gel.
What are the harmful effects of silica gel?5 answersSilica gel has been found to have harmful effects. It can disrupt the marine biota ecosystem by causing eutrophication or decreased oxygen levels in water. Silica is a toxicant that can stimulate cells to produce various cellular products and induce apoptosis. Silica has been shown to be toxic for macrophages and neutrophils, decreasing their viability and inhibiting their phagocytic and bactericidal abilities. Additionally, the concentration of silica gel in lipophilic excipients for suppositories can affect the release rate of certain drugs.
Is silica gel used for heavy metal adsorption?5 answersSilica gel is used for heavy metal adsorption. Various methods have been developed to modify silica gel for enhanced heavy metal adsorption. These methods include the preparation of tailored adsorbents, the loading of nanometer TiO2 onto silica gel, the bonding of thiol groups on the silica gel skeleton, and the introduction of carboxyl groups in situ. The modified silica gel materials have shown promising adsorption capacities for heavy metals such as Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Zn, As, and Fe. Additionally, the adsorbed silica gel can be regenerated and reused, maintaining its adsorption capacity. These findings suggest that silica gel is a potential material for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater and industrial waste liquids.
Is silica gel used as a commercial adsorbent for heavy metal adsorption?5 answersSilica gel is used as a commercial adsorbent for heavy metal adsorption. It has been modified with different materials to enhance its adsorption capacity. For example, Sulejmanović et al. developed SiO2–Ta2O5 as a new sorbent for simultaneous preconcentration of various metal ions from water. Vareda and Durães studied tailored adsorbents for heavy metal uptake, including silica gel, in batch tests for decontaminating polluted environments. Zongchen developed a porous spherical silica gel loaded with nanometer TiO2 for wastewater heavy metal adsorption, including Cd, Cr, Cu, and As. Nuengmatcha et al. modified commercial silica gel with 3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane to acquire amino groups for the removal of iron from aqueous solution. Guo et al. prepared a magnetic silica gel adsorbent (Fe3O4-Si-COOH) for the adsorption of Pb, Zn, and Cd from wastewater. Therefore, silica gel is widely used as a commercial adsorbent for heavy metal adsorption, and its properties can be enhanced through modification with different materials.