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How to obtain the properties for geological faults (considering damage zone and damage core) in numerical simulations? 


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To obtain properties for geological faults, including the damage zone and core, in numerical simulations, various methods have been proposed. One approach involves estimating deformation intensity in damage zones, calculating representative values within cell domains, and determining equivalent permeability in cells with oblique deformation bands . Another method includes implementing fault cores as transmissibility multipliers and modifying grid permeability in cells adjacent to faults to account for damage zones . Additionally, a new conceptual model considers fault cores and damage zones as lower-dimensional structures embedded in the rock matrix, enhancing the accuracy of simulation outcomes . Analog modeling studies have shown that fault damage zones evolve non-linearly with displacement, transitioning towards a threshold thickness influenced by fault segment linkage and lithology .

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Properties for fault damage zones in numerical simulations can be obtained by modeling nonlinear fault growth, observing threshold thickness, and failure mode transitions, influenced by mechanical layering and fault segment relay zones.
The new model in the paper embeds fault and damage zones as lower-dimensional structures in porous media simulations to accurately capture their properties, enhancing reliability in numerical simulations.
The paper proposes new methods to estimate deformation intensity in damage zones, calculate representative values, and determine equivalent permeability for fault properties in numerical simulations.
Properties for geological faults in numerical simulations are obtained by using transmissibility multipliers for fault cores and modifying grid permeability for damage zones in porous sandstone models.
The numerical model in the study simulates fault properties by coupling elastic continuum and discrete representations, capturing fault complexity, damage evolution, stress fields, and granular gouge layer formation.

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