What are the specific proteins targeted by drugs used in the treatment of breast cancer?4 answersDrugs used in the treatment of breast cancer target specific proteins such as cell-surface glucose-regulated protein 78 (cs-GRP78). Additionally, breast cancer cell surface markers like G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER-1), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and others are targeted by antibody drugs and small molecule inhibitor drugs. Furthermore, targeted therapy in breast cancer focuses on proteins controlling cancer cell growth and division, with stimuli-responsive imine bonds being utilized for drug delivery systems. These targeted drugs aim to interfere with specific cellular signaling pathways and molecular targets associated with breast cancer, offering more precise and effective treatment options for patients.
What can be the mitochondrial targeted drugs for pcos?4 answersMitochondrial targeted drugs for PCOS include MitoQ10, which has been shown to have modulating effects on the redox signaling pathway and folliculogenesis in the ovary. Another potential therapeutic agent is MitoQ10, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant that improves insulin resistance and reverses endocrine and reproductive conditions in a PCOS animal model. Additionally, mitochondria-targeting ligand-conjugated anticancer agents have been investigated for their potential in PCOS treatment. These agents take advantage of the higher mitochondrial membrane potential in cancer cells to selectively target mitochondria and deliver therapeutic agents. Overall, these studies suggest that mitochondrial targeted drugs, such as MitoQ10 and mitochondria-targeting ligand-conjugated agents, have the potential to attenuate oxidative stress, improve mitochondrial function, and modulate the redox signaling pathway in PCOS, offering new strategies for the treatment of this condition.
Drugs that target the molecular mechanisms of hypertension?3 answersNew drugs targeting the molecular mechanisms of hypertension have been investigated for the management of blood pressure. Classical drug targets such as the aldosterone receptor, aldosterone synthase, and ACE2/angiotensin 1-7/Mas receptor axis have been studied. Recent advances in therapy for hypertension include the development of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and renin inhibitors. Other potential drug targets for hypertension management include vasopressin antagonists, natriuretic peptide clearance inhibitors, endothelin antagonists, angiotensin receptor antagonists, and selective T-type calcium ion channel antagonists. These new approaches provide opportunities for targeted drug therapy to control hypertension and its comorbidities. However, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis of hypertension and to develop new drugs that can effectively target these mechanisms.
What are the methods used to discover drugs' molecular targets?5 answersComputational approaches, such as generative models and deep learning, are widely used in drug discovery to identify drug targets and predict drug-target binding affinity. These approaches leverage biological molecular datasets and utilize techniques like docking, QSAR, molecular dynamics, and machine learning algorithms such as random forest, support vector machines, and neural networks. Sensitivity analysis is another method used to identify potential molecular drug targets in signaling pathways by analyzing changes in cellular responses. By investigating the interaction between drug-target proteins and small chemical molecules, computational models can screen drug small molecules using drug molecule-related databases. These models extract features from drug-target protein sequences and drug-molecule maps and use them to predict drug-target binding affinity. Overall, computational methods play a crucial role in discovering drugs' molecular targets by accelerating the drug development process and improving the overall efficiency of drug design.
What molecules does olaparib target?3 answersOlaparib targets PARP (poly ADP-ribose polymerase) enzymes.
What is the molecular mechanism of action of Olaparib?3 answersOlaparib is a PARP1 inhibitor that blocks polyADP-ribosylation, which is involved in the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristic of tumor recurrence. Olaparib can upregulate NKG2D ligands expression on the surface of HL-60 cells and enhance the cytotoxicity of NK cell to HL-60 cells by promoting ERK phosphorylation expression. Olaparib is a potent inhibitor of the aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) enzyme, which plays a significant role in the resistance of cancer cells to anthracyclines. Olaparib possesses anti-inflammatory properties and can inhibit persistent systemic inflammation in sepsis. Olaparib stably binds to subdomain II of human serum albumin (HSA) and induces conformational and micro-environmental changes in HSA.