How criminal law Self-Defense recognized under the FDRE Criminal Code of Ethiopian ?5 answersSelf-defense under the FDRE Criminal Code of Ethiopia is not explicitly discussed in the provided contexts. However, the legal framework of Ethiopia, as outlined in various documents such as the FDRE Constitution, Criminal Procedure Code, Criminal Code, and Criminal Justice Policy, emphasizes principles like the right to defense counsel, remedies for arbitrary arrest, and the implementation of alternative dispute resolution in the criminal justice system. These documents focus on ensuring fairness, accuracy, and efficiency in the criminal justice system, but do not specifically address the concept of self-defense.
How can illegal hawala contribute to money laundering in Ethiopia?5 answersIllegal hawala can significantly contribute to money laundering in Ethiopia due to its involvement in handling criminal proceeds, as highlighted in a study by Soudjin. Hawaladars, similar to employees in formal financial institutions, may encounter criminal money, raising concerns about their awareness and precautions. Police files studied in the research identified seven "red flags" for transactions involving criminal clients, aiding in the identification of potential money laundering activities. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of increasing hawaladars' awareness to prevent unintentional involvement in money laundering. This underscores the need for better supervision and regulation of the hawala sector to mitigate its role in facilitating illicit financial activities in Ethiopia.
How does organized crime could be investgated and prosecuted under Ethiopian legal system?5 answersOrganized crime investigation and prosecution in Ethiopia involve a collaborative effort between prosecutors and police teams, as outlined in various legal frameworks. The Ethiopian legal system underwent reforms starting in 2007, particularly in the Oromia Regional State (ORS), where prosecutors and police were mandated to conduct criminal investigations together. Additionally, legislative measures such as Proclamation No. 909/2015 address criminalization and prosecution aspects related to human trafficking and smuggling of migrants. The legal infrastructure in Ethiopia, including the Criminal Procedure Code of 1961 and subsequent laws, dictates the initiation, frequency, and duration of investigations, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive laws for fair trials and accountability. Furthermore, recent legislation like the Cybercrime Proclamation of 2016 criminalizes cybercrimes and introduces new rules for investigation and prosecution in the digital environment.
What are the effects of corruption on economic development in Ethiopia?4 answersCorruption in Ethiopia has had harmful effects on economic development. It has damaged growth and economic performance at both regional and federal levels, leading to a decrease in investment incentives and low stimulus for innovation. Corruption undermines good government, rule of law, and misallocates public resources, which particularly affects the private and public sectors and hurts the poor. Despite efforts to combat corruption, it still persists and changes its forms and nature, with a medium level of magnitude in the civil service, land administration, public procurement, tax administration, contract out of machinery, HRM functions, and traffic police activities. The Amhara National Regional State Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission plays a vital role in fighting corruption, but it has not yet been fully effective. Overall, corruption in Ethiopia hinders economic development and requires collaborative efforts from all sections of society to prevent and control this malpractice.
Taxing Crime: The Application of Ethiopian Income Tax Laws to Incomes from Illegal Activities.?5 answersThe application of Ethiopian income tax laws to incomes from illegal activities is a complex issue. The tax compliance theories of deterrence and behavioral theory are used to design tax administration laws in Ethiopia. Factors such as tax morals, tax fairness, tax enforcement, and tax awareness impact taxpayer compliance in Ethiopia. The informal sector, which includes illegal activities, poses challenges for tax collection and policy development in Ethiopia. The Ethiopian Value Added Tax exempts some financial services but not all, leading to controversies regarding the treatment of foreclosure sales in VAT. However, there is no specific abstract that directly addresses the application of Ethiopian income tax laws to incomes from illegal activities.
What are the key historical events that have led to the current conflict in Ethiopia?5 answersThe current conflict in Ethiopia has been influenced by several key historical events. The adoption of an ethnic federal system in the 1990s has played a critical role in framing the political debate and leading to the ethnification of identity in the country. However, it is important to consider the pre-1991 history of Ethiopia, particularly the actions of the imperial regimes of Minilik II and Haile Selassie I. These regimes conquered, subjugated, and dehumanized the southern nations, nationalities, and people, laying the groundwork for ethnic-based detestation and violence. Additionally, the land rights question has been a central issue in Ethiopia's political-economic history, and the introduction of ethnic-based federalism has further complicated the relationship between the central government and the regional states, leading to tensions and conflicts. The current conflict in Ethiopia is a culmination of overlapping conflicts, including tensions between the central state and regional states, territorial disputes between ethnic groups, and rivalries with neighboring Eritrea. The conflict also reflects ethnic strains in the country, exacerbated by political and economic changes, and has resulted in anger, refugee flows, and strained regional relations.