Search or ask a question

What are secondary electron images?

Charged particle

Scanning transmission electron microscopy

Best insight from top research papers

Secondary electron images are generated using techniques like secondary electron e-beam-induced current (SEEBIC) to probe material properties with atomic-scale resolution. These images provide insights into characteristics such as electrical conductivity, connectivity, and work function. They have proven useful in characterizing supported metal catalysts, although the contrast mechanisms in high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) can be complex and require further study, including Monte Carlo simulations. In STEM, secondary electron emission EBIC (SEEBIC) can map hole current, offering a distinct contrast mechanism for studying electronic properties like connectivity and conductivity. Additionally, a secondary charged particle imaging system includes a backscattered electron detector module that can be rotated to different angular positions for imaging purposes.

Answers from top 4 papers

PDF

Open Access

More filters

Papers (4)	Insight
Patent Charged particle imaging system Firnkes Matthias, Lampersberger Florian, Lanio Stefan - Show less +2 more 27 May 2021	Secondary electron images are captured using a backscattered electron detector module that can rotate between two angular positions, as described in the charged particle imaging system outlined in the paper.
Book Chapter•DOI Secondary electron imaging in characterisation of heterogeneous supported metal catalyst systems. Raghavendra Darji, A. Howie - Show less +1 more 05 Jan 2022	Secondary electron images are utilized in characterizing supported metal catalyst systems. They provide high-resolution insights, with contrast mechanisms studied through comparisons between SEM and STEM images, including Monte Carlo simulations.
Direct Imaging of Electron Orbitals with a Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope Ondrej Dyck, Jawaher Amatlaq, Jacob L. Swett, Andrew R. Lupini, Dirk Englund, Stephen Jesse - Show less +5 more 01 Dec 2022	Secondary electron images are produced using the SEEBIC technique in scanning transmission electron microscopes, revealing electron orbital ionization cross sections at the atomic level within materials.
Open access•Posted Content•DOI Direct Imaging of Electron Orbitals with a Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope 01 Dec 2022	Secondary electron images are obtained using SEEBIC in scanning transmission electron microscopes, revealing electron orbital ionization cross sections within materials at an atomic scale.

My columns

Related Questions

What is secondary sources?5 answersSecondary sources refer to data collected by others for purposes other than the researcher's own project, made available for reuse. These sources include information from reference books, abstract journals, databases, and more, which are products of professional analytical processing of primary information. They play a crucial role in scientific research by providing access to a vast amount of information, aiding in monitoring advancements in various fields. Secondary data can be freely available online, in libraries, museums, and archives, offering researchers a wealth of resources for their studies. Researchers benefit from platforms like SciFinder and Reaxys, which have evolved over the years to become indispensable tools for chemical studies, showcasing the importance of secondary sources in modern research endeavors.

Scanning electron microscopy?4 answersScanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a powerful imaging technique that utilizes high-voltage accelerated electrons focused on a sample to generate detailed microstructural information. SEM allows for high-resolution imaging with superior depth of focus compared to optical microscopes, making it a preferred method for microstructural analysis. The integration of energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis in SEM enables elemental analysis of specimen surfaces. SEM instruments consist of essential components like electron guns, magnetic lenses, and vacuum systems, which collectively contribute to the imaging capabilities of SEM. Additionally, advancements in SEM technology have led to the development of modern instruments with enhanced features for diverse applications in fields such as nanotechnology, biology, and material sciences.

What are secondary particles in the atmosphere ?4 answersSecondary particles in the atmosphere refer to the diverse components generated by the interaction of primary cosmic rays with the Earth's atmosphere. These secondary particles include electrons, positrons, gammas, muons, charged hadrons, and neutrons. Additionally, atmospheric aerosols, which are suspensions of solid and/or liquid substances in the atmosphere, play a crucial role in various meteorological and chemical processes. Aerosol particles, ranging from nanometers to microns, impact phenomena like electrical conductivity, condensation of water vapor, and radiation absorption. Furthermore, suspended particles in the air can originate from primary sources like mineral dust and sea salt, secondary sources from atmospheric trace gases, and a combination of both in the cloud phase, involving dissolved salts and water-soluble compounds. The interaction of primary galactic and solar cosmic rays with air atoms generates secondary particles responsible for lightning, ionization of air, and chemical processes in the atmosphere.

What is Secondary Tillage?5 answersSecondary tillage is a crucial stage in agricultural soil preparation, following primary tillage, to create a refined seedbed for optimal crop growth. It involves further soil manipulation after primary tillage to enhance soil conditions for seed germination and crop development. Various implements like harrows, cultivators, and planks are commonly used in secondary tillage to break down soil clods, incorporate organic matter, and level the field. The aim of secondary tillage is to improve soil structure, promote better root growth, and facilitate water and nutrient absorption by the crops. By utilizing secondary tillage practices effectively, farmers can enhance soil fertility, reduce weed growth, and ultimately increase crop yields.

What is Secondary SourcesData?4 answersSecondary data refers to data that has been collected by someone else for a purpose other than the researcher's own project and is made available for re-use. It can be found online, in libraries, museums, and archives. Working with secondary data has advantages and disadvantages, and there is a vast amount of secondary data freely available online. It can be accessed through open data sources and application programming interfaces (APIs). Secondary data can come from various sources such as the internet, wearables, mobile phone apps, electronic health records, or genome sequencing. Utilizing secondary data requires proper processing and evaluation, including regulatory and ethical considerations. It can provide substantial opportunities for global health intelligence and research, leading to better prevention and earlier detection of emerging health threats.

What is meant by secondary data?4 answersSecondary data refers to data that has been collected by someone else for a purpose other than the researcher's own project and is made available for re-use. It can be obtained from various sources such as online databases, libraries, museums, and archives. The advantages of working with secondary data include the availability of a large amount of data freely accessible online and the ability to utilize data from international surveys and large-scale studies. However, there are also disadvantages, such as potential limitations in data quality and the need to carefully evaluate the suitability of the data for the research question at hand. Researchers can find secondary data sources through online platforms and application programming interfaces (APIs).

See what other people are reading

Why put hydroxide ammonium for alkolide extract.?

Ammonium hydroxide is utilized for extracting alkolides due to its effectiveness in separating desired compounds from reaction products. In the case of oligomerization reactions, such as with nickel ylide catalysts, ammonium hydroxide is used to remove nickel ylide residue, allowing for the recovery of normal alpha olefins. Additionally, in protein extraction from yeast strains, pre-treating with ammonium hydroxide significantly increases protein extraction levels, proving beneficial for investigating yeast proteomes. Furthermore, the extraction of hydroxylammonium salts from solutions involves utilizing organic solutions with cation exchange compounds to preferentially extract hydroxylammonium ions, showcasing the selective extraction capabilities of ammonium compounds. Overall, the use of ammonium hydroxide aids in efficient extraction and separation processes for various compounds.How are the research progress in Transferred DC Thermal Plasma Synthesis of alumina?

The research progress in Transferred DC Thermal Plasma Synthesis of alumina showcases a variety of approaches and findings that contribute significantly to the field. Denoirjean et al. explored the plasma spraying of boehmite and α-alumina powders, revealing that boehmite's characteristics are less suited for plasma spraying due to particle size and porosity, affecting heat propagation and melting states. In contrast, the synthesis of nanosized aluminum nitride powder through plasma-chemical synthesis highlights the challenges and solutions in achieving desired material properties, such as using a nitrogen and ammonia gas mixture to overcome the poor reactivity of nitrogen gas with aluminum powder. Tetronics Limited's development of a process for producing ultra-fine aluminum nanopowder using atmospheric DC plasma technology demonstrates the capability for high throughput and controlled atmosphere conditions, indicating a scalable approach to nanopowder production. Similarly, the use of a Transferred Arc Thermal Plasma Reactor for Nano Aluminium Powder preparation emphasizes the importance of optimizing process parameters to achieve desired material characteristics. Research by Panda et al. on carbothermal reduction and nitridation of alumina in an extended arc thermal plasma reactor shows the potential for rapid synthesis of hexagonal AlN, highlighting the efficiency and effectiveness of plasma synthesis in producing advanced materials. Subbotin et al.'s work on plasma synthesis of aluminium oxide particles further supports the versatility of plasma processes in producing various alumina-based materials. Iwata and Adachi's investigation into the evaporation behavior of alumina bulk in arc plasma underlines the importance of understanding fundamental processes to optimize nanoparticle production. Studies on the role of particle injection velocity in plasma spraying of alumina coatings by Ang et al. provide insights into the parameters affecting coating quality and efficiency. Jang et al.'s research on alumina powder spheroidization with water droplet injection in a DC-RF hybrid plasma flow system reveals the impact of plasma thermofluid characteristics on material processing outcomes. Lastly, the synthesis of Ag/γ-Al2O3 catalysts using an argon DBD plasma by Tao et al. demonstrates the application of plasma synthesis in catalysis, showcasing the method's green and efficient nature. Together, these studies illustrate the broad research progress in Transferred DC Thermal Plasma Synthesis of alumina, highlighting advancements in synthesis techniques, understanding of process parameters, and exploration of new applications.What are the developments of on?

The developments in various fields, as outlined by the contexts provided, showcase significant advancements across a broad spectrum of disciplines, ranging from cancer treatment and prevention to sports equipment and performance analysis. In the realm of cancer treatment, there has been a notable shift towards developing anticancer agents with increased target specificity, such as farnesyl transferase inhibitors and receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, highlighting a move towards more personalized and less invasive treatment modalities. Additionally, the importance of comprehensive geriatric assessment in managing older cancer patients has been emphasized, with evidence suggesting that such approaches can lead to decreased treatment toxicity and better functional outcomes. Prevention strategies for osteoporosis have also seen updates, with recent guidance outlining primary and secondary prevention measures, indicating a proactive approach to managing this condition. In the field of sports science, there have been experimental investigations into the durability of baseball bats, the dynamics of speed climbing, and the biomechanics of cycling, among others. These studies aim to enhance performance, safety, and equipment durability in sports. Similarly, biomechanical analyses have been conducted on various sports, including running on artificial soccer turf and the influence of footwear on in-shoe loading, to improve athlete performance and safety. Technological advancements in measurement and modeling equipment have also been highlighted, with developments in motion capture systems, computer simulations, and the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to understand the aerodynamics of sports equipment. These developments across different fields demonstrate a continuous effort to improve health outcomes, enhance sports performance, and refine technological tools for research and practical applications.What is synthesis of cyclophane-braced peptide macrocycles via palladium-catalysed intramolecular sp3 C−H arylation?

The synthesis of cyclophane-braced peptide macrocycles via palladium-catalyzed intramolecular sp3 C−H arylation involves utilizing transition-metal-catalyzed C−H activation strategies to create unique peptide topologies. Recent advancements in C−H activation, particularly C−H arylation, have shown significant progress in this area. By cross-linking aromatic side chains of Trp, His, and Tyr residues with aryl linkers through copper-catalyzed double heteroatom-arylation reactions, diverse assemblies of tension-bearable multijoint braces can be formed to modulate the backbone conformation of peptides, leading to previously inaccessible conformational space. Additionally, the direct synthesis of polyketide and polypeptide macrocycles via transition-metal-catalyzed C−H bond activation strategies has been explored, showcasing the potential for innovative approaches in macrocyclization.What type of methods for synthesizing inorganic materials in chemistry?

Various methods are employed for synthesizing inorganic materials in chemistry. These methods include traditional ball milling for pulverizing raw materials, molecular precursor routes that offer control over size and shape of resulting materials, ultrasonic-assisted drying and calcining for preparing inorganic powders with excellent properties, and knowledge-based approaches combined with digital catalysis science for exploring material dynamics in catalytic functions. Additionally, synthesis techniques focus on developing functional materials that respond to external stimuli, such as hybrid framework materials, hydride materials as precursors, MAX phases, MXenes, thermoelectrics, and magnetic materials. These diverse methods cater to the growing demand for advanced materials with specific properties and functionalities in various technological applications.How negative energy solution arises in klein gordon equation. mathematics is also needed?

Negative energy solutions in the Klein-Gordon equation arise due to the interpretation of antiparticles with negative energy in a 3-D quantized space model, contrasting the positive energy particles in our universe. The Klein paradox, where particles can cross barriers without reflection, involves acausal transmission mechanisms and divergent reflections, especially notable in supercritical rectangular barriers. To address the issue of negative probability density in solutions, a new energy-momentum operator is proposed for the Klein-Gordon equation, eliminating such problematic solutions by redefining the momentum operator through the sum of mechanical and electromagnetic momenta for charged particles in an electromagnetic field. These insights shed light on the intriguing phenomena and mathematical intricacies surrounding negative energy solutions in the Klein-Gordon equation.How ionic liquid is green in various multicomponent reaction?

Ionic liquids are considered green in various multicomponent reactions due to their eco-friendly nature and unique properties. They serve as versatile catalysts and green solvents, offering advantages such as easy handling, non-toxicity, increased reaction selectivity, and low solubility. Room temperature ionic liquids can be tailored by adjusting cation and anion compositions, making them adaptable to specific reaction requirements. Additionally, the use of task-specific ionic liquids in multicomponent reactions has gained attention for sustainable organic synthesis, contributing to waste prevention, energy efficiency, and the development of efficient reusable catalysts. These properties make ionic liquids an environmentally benign choice for promoting green and cost-effective methodologies in the synthesis of diverse heterocyclic compounds.Isocyanic acid aging

Isocyanic acid (HNCO) undergoes aging processes that are influenced by various factors. Studies have shown that thermal aging of foamed polyisocyanurate can impact the stability of plastic foam over extended periods, with predictions made for up to 60-80 years of aging. Additionally, the atmospheric aging of HNCO has been observed, with diesel exhaust emissions undergoing oxidative aging to produce HNCO, potentially becoming a significant source in urban areas. Furthermore, the synthesis of HNCO from nitric oxide under specific conditions highlights a novel method of HNCO production, indicating the chemical transformations that can occur during its aging processes. These findings collectively demonstrate the diverse ways in which HNCO can age, whether through thermal, atmospheric, or chemical processes, emphasizing the importance of understanding its aging behavior for various applications and environmental implications.Why does Cu activate CO2 better than Pd?

Cu activates CO2 better than Pd due to its ability to enhance *CO adsorption and facilitate the C–C coupling process, leading to the formation of multi-carbon (C2+) products. Bimetallic Cu/Pd catalysts exhibit improved CO2 reduction performance, with Cu/Pd-1% catalyst achieving a high Faradaic efficiency for C2+ production. The addition of Cu to Pd catalysts enhances CO oxidation activity by decreasing Pd particle size and increasing the fraction of reactive Pd sites. Furthermore, Cu-based catalysts like CuNi3@CNTs show higher CO2 activation and CH4 production compared to Pd-based catalysts, indicating the influence of composition on CO2RR activity and selectivity. Overall, the synergistic effects of Cu in bimetallic catalysts play a crucial role in improving CO2 activation and promoting multi-carbon product formation.What is the CAPEX of hydrogen production via electrolysis of industrial effluents?

The capital expenditures (CAPEX) for hydrogen production via electrolysis of industrial effluents vary depending on the specific electrolysis method used. In the context of green hydrogen production, the CAPEX for hydrogen production units by the alkaline electrolysis method is projected to be around US $35 thousand/kW by 2040. On the other hand, incorporating photovoltaic energy production with different electrolysis systems for treating wastewaters and producing hydrogen simultaneously can lead to environmentally-friendly and sustainable hydrogen production. Industrial electrolysers typically operate at about 80 °C and 1–30 bar, with a hydrogen production cost estimated at about 1.40 NOK/Nm3 or 0.40 NOK/kWh under certain assumptions. These diverse approaches highlight the range of CAPEX associated with hydrogen production via electrolysis of industrial effluents.How does the Coulumb matrix is transformed into one vecor descriptor?

The transformation of the Coulomb matrix into a single vector descriptor involves various approaches based on different metrics and coding methods. One method involves utilizing a Fisher Vector (FV) descriptor adapted to specific metrics like the log-Euclidean or affine invariant Riemannian metric, resulting in descriptors like the log Euclidean FV (LE FV) and the Riemannian Fisher Vector (RFV). Another approach involves analyzing Coulomb integrals in terms of group theory, where the matrix elements are rewritten in a new basis with simplified group transformation properties. Additionally, techniques like the continuous fast multipole method (CFMM) are employed in quantum chemistry to construct the Coulomb matrix efficiently, although practical evaluations are necessary for accurate results.