How immigration affects German economy according to neoclassical approach?5 answersImmigration's impact on the German economy, following a neoclassical approach, reveals nuanced effects. Recent studies highlight that while low-skilled native workers in manufacturing may experience a slight welfare decrease due to immigration, high-skilled service employees benefit significantly, with an overall positive effect on the economy estimated at +1.6%. However, challenges arise as immigrant workers face up to four times lower employment chances, especially in high-skilled segments. Furthermore, the underutilization of immigrant workers' productive capacities in Germany suggests a potential welfare gain of +0.9% through equal employment opportunities for all worker groups. These findings underscore the complex interplay between immigration, labor market dynamics, and welfare outcomes in the German economy from a neoclassical perspective.
Who esatblished the neoclassical economics theory?5 answersThe neoclassical economics theory was established by several key figures. The three "founding fathers" of neoclassical economics were William Stanley Jevons, Léon Walras, and Carl Menger. Additionally, Alfred Marshall played a significant role in developing neoclassical economic theories related to supply, demand, and equilibrium, which remain relevant in modern market economies. The shift towards neoclassical economics was influenced by John Stuart Mill, who emphasized the principle of demand and supply over Ricardo's cost of production theory of value, leading to a focus on exchange rather than production in economic analysis. Overall, these scholars and their contributions paved the way for neoclassical economics to become the dominant approach in economic theory, emphasizing mathematical methodology and adaptability to incorporate alternative theories.
What are the pros and cons of neoclassical realism?4 answersNeoclassical realism has both strengths and weaknesses. On the positive side, it aims to bring together unit- and structural-level causes and effects into a coherent theoretical framework, which is seen as a progressive aim. It also considers the complex interactions between the structure of the international system and domestic factors in shaping foreign policy, providing a more nuanced understanding of state behavior. Additionally, neoclassical realism offers a simple and elegant statement of the theory's core logic, explaining the interaction between internal and external factors in foreign policy decision-making. However, there are also drawbacks. The eclectic approach to theoretical explanation and the lack of a clear and coherent 'hard core' of premises and assumptions put the research program at risk of being degenerative. Furthermore, the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War challenged neorealism, the dominant approach within neoclassical realism, as being incapable of fully explaining international politics.
What are some of the criticisms of the neoclassical school of economics?5 answersThe neoclassical school of economics has faced several criticisms. One major criticism is that it neglects essential elements in models of economic decision making, leading to incoherence in the models. Another criticism is the internal inconsistencies in equilibrium theory and the unobservability of utility, despite research on revealed preferences. Additionally, the neoclassical theory of aggregate investment has been criticized for its conceptual issues and unresolved theoretical problems. The orthodox economics, based on neoclassical school, has been criticized for its shaky philosophical and methodological foundations, including the use of the mathematical deductivist method beyond its scope of effectiveness. Furthermore, neoclassical economics has been criticized for its failure to address the question of distribution, avoiding important ethical questions of fairness and social justice.
How does neoclassical economics relate to hedonic psychology?4 answersNeoclassical economics and hedonic psychology have a relationship in terms of incorporating psychological elements into economic theory. Classical economists, such as Jevons and Edgeworth, were open to incorporating psychological ideas into economic discourse. However, the Paretian turn in the early 20th century attempted to remove psychological notions from economic theory, leading to a reluctance in incorporating findings from behavioral economics, which has a psychological focus. Nevertheless, there has been a recent reconsideration of the relationship between economics and psychology, with increasing appeal towards subjective well-being research and behavioral economics. The behavioral school suggests that neoclassical models can be altered to accommodate psychological factors, resolving systematic biases associated with neoclassical predictions. Therefore, while neoclassical economics may have initially distanced itself from psychology, there is potential for the two fields to interact and influence each other in understanding human behavior in economic contexts.
Is there any alternative to globalization?7 answers