How do epistemological research questions differ from other types of research questions?4 answersEpistemological research questions differ from other types of research questions by focusing on the nature of knowledge and knowing. These questions delve into individuals' beliefs about the source, certainty, organization of knowledge, and the control and speed of learning. Unlike other research questions, epistemological inquiries are concerned with understanding how people think about knowledge acquisition and utilization, emphasizing the importance of epistemic cognition in learning processes. Epistemological research also explores the development of beliefs about knowledge and the influence of education and culture on these beliefs. In contrast to traditional research inquiries, epistemological questions aim to uncover individuals' perspectives on knowledge rather than just seeking factual information, making them distinct in their focus on cognitive processes and beliefs related to knowledge.
What are the main epistemological questions surrounding the boundaries of science in phenomenology perspective?5 answersThe main epistemological questions surrounding the boundaries of science in the phenomenological perspective revolve around the relationship between subjectivity and scientific explanation, the limits of transcendental philosophy in characterizing its own conditions of possibility, the problem of the correctness of people's accounts of their own perceptions, and the integration of neuroscience and phenomenology in understanding consciousness. Kant and Heidegger argue that subjectivity escapes scientific explanation, placing limits on the explanatory scope of the sciences. Fink argues that transcendental philosophy encounters its own limits in characterizing its own conditions of possibility. From a phenomenological point of view, subjectivity is an inevitable starting-point, and the problem of subjectivity can only be solved when related to the problem of interpretation. Neurophenomenology combines first-person phenomenological methods with third-person neuroscience methods to address the "hard" problem of consciousness and reflects the implications of constructivism in scientific epistemology.
What is the difficulties of mathematical proving?4 answersMathematical proving poses several difficulties for students. These difficulties include not knowing how to begin the proving process, relying on empirical verifications instead of axiomatic methods, and resorting to rote memorization of uncoordinated proof facts. Students often make errors in the stages of skill processing and coding, leading to mistakes in their proofs. Reasoning is a crucial component of the proving process, but many students struggle with making good reasoning and exhibit various reasoning errors. Students also find it challenging to construct proofs, distinguish valid from invalid proofs, and understand the status of definitions within mathematics. In online classrooms, mathematics pre-service teachers tend to have lower mathematical proving abilities compared to blended classrooms, indicating a need for improvement in conceptual understanding and practice of proving tasks.
What are the challenges of complexity theory?5 answersThe challenges of complexity theory include the lack of a universal definition of complexity, lack of standardization and inconsistent semantics in characterizing complexity, system-centricity and insufficiently transparent reasoning in existing characterizations, and the need for validation of complexity frameworks. Complexity theory also faces challenges in terms of framing research within the complexity problem domain, hindering evaluation of contributions. Additionally, complexity theory is challenged by a system-driven tendency, a preference for concreteness over abstraction, and an unclear distinction between origins and effects of complexity. Complexity theory is seen as disconnected from current research and practice demands, and there is a need for the social sciences to adopt complexity theory and newer connectionist methods to better address complexity and open social systems. The challenges of complexity theory also include the need for a systematic understanding of complex systems far from equilibrium, and the increasing amount of observations and data available to characterize and model complex systems.
Does the work of Bachelard concerning epistemological difficulties and obstacles still hold up today?5 answersBachelard's work on epistemological difficulties and obstacles remains relevant today. His novel perspective on epistemology, particularly in the face of scientific transformations, has become historic and influential in the French intellectual landscape. Bachelard emphasizes the need to overcome these obstacles for scientific progress, such as first-hand experience, verbal obstacles, substantialist and animist obstacles, and unrealistic knowledge. He criticizes theories that advocate continuity between scientific and common sense knowledge, highlighting the importance of historical discontinuity in the formation of scientific knowledge. Bachelard's categories of epistemological obstacle and break can be related to Plato, Freud, and Jung, suggesting that reason is influenced by the individual and collective unconscious. Bachelard's concept of topoanalysis, exploring the images of dwelling, can still be used as a methodological instrument for analyzing the imaginary of interior spaces.
How do we define the difficulty in research?5 answersThe difficulty in research is defined as the challenges and obstacles that researchers encounter during the process of conducting their studies. These difficulties can arise from various factors such as convenience, haste, carelessness, and ambiguity. Additionally, the difficulty of social research can be attributed to issues such as the handling of imperfect data, getting cooperation from survey subjects, and ensuring informed consent and the protection of subjects' human rights. Furthermore, conducting and presenting scientific studies in a simple and beautiful manner can also be a source of difficulty in research. It is important to note that the perception of difficulty can vary depending on the behavior under study and the extent to which the behavior is perceived as controllable. Overall, the definition of difficulty in research encompasses the various challenges and complexities that researchers face throughout the research process.